<!doctype html><html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  <title>CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 4</title>
  <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport">
  <meta content="revising" name="csswg-work-status">
  <meta content="ED" name="w3c-status">
  <meta content="This specification describes user interface related            properties and values to style HTML and XML (including XHTML).            It includes and extends user interface related features            from the properties and values of previous CSS levels.            It uses various properties and values            to style basic user interface elements in a document." name="abstract">
  <link href="../default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
  <link href="../csslogo.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon">
<style>
  body {
    background: url("https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/logo-ED") top left no-repeat;
  }
  </style>
  <link href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-4/" rel="canonical">
<script defer src="https://test.csswg.org/harness/annotate.js#!css-ui-4_dev/css-ui-4" type="text/javascript"></script>
<style>
.awesome-table td {padding:5px}
.awesome-table {color:#000;background:#fff;margin: auto;}
</style>
<style>
#cursors dfn { cursor: inherit }
</style>
<style>
	@keyframes caret-bar-ref { 50% { border-color: transparent; } }
	@keyframes caret-block-ref { 50% { background: transparent; } }
	@keyframes caret-underscore-ref { 50% { border-color: transparent; } }
	#caret-shape-example {
		min-width: 25em;
	}
	#caret-shape-example,
	#caret-shape-example td,
	#caret-shape-example th {
		border: solid 1px;
	}
	#caret-shape-example td+td {
		background:white;
	}
	</style>
<style>
	@keyframes terminal-caret-ref { 50% { border-color: transparent; } }
	</style>
<style>/* style-md-lists */

/* This is a weird hack for me not yet following the commonmark spec
   regarding paragraph and lists. */
[data-md] > :first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}
[data-md] > :last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}</style>
<style>/* style-selflinks */

.heading, .issue, .note, .example, li, dt {
    position: relative;
}
a.self-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: calc(-1 * (3.5rem - 26px));
    width: calc(3.5rem - 26px);
    height: 2em;
    text-align: center;
    border: none;
    transition: opacity .2s;
    opacity: .5;
}
a.self-link:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}
.heading > a.self-link {
    font-size: 83%;
}
li > a.self-link {
    left: calc(-1 * (3.5rem - 26px) - 2em);
}
dfn > a.self-link {
    top: auto;
    left: auto;
    opacity: 0;
    width: 1.5em;
    height: 1.5em;
    background: gray;
    color: white;
    font-style: normal;
    transition: opacity .2s, background-color .2s, color .2s;
}
dfn:hover > a.self-link {
    opacity: 1;
}
dfn > a.self-link:hover {
    color: black;
}

a.self-link::before            { content: "¶"; }
.heading > a.self-link::before { content: "§"; }
dfn > a.self-link::before      { content: "#"; }</style>
<style>/* style-caniuse-panel */

            .caniuse-status { font: 1em sans-serif; width: 9em; padding: 0.3em; position: absolute; z-index: 8; top: auto; right: 0.3em; background: #EEE; color: black; box-shadow: 0 0 3px #999; overflow: hidden; border-collapse: initial; border-spacing: initial; }
            .caniuse-status.wrapped { width: 1em; height: 1em; }
            .caniuse-status.wrapped > :not(input) { display: none; }
            .caniuse-status > input { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 1em; height: 1em; border: none; background: transparent; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
            .caniuse-status > p { font-size: 0.6em; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
            .caniuse-status > p + p { padding-top: 0.5em; }
            .caniuse-status > .support { display: block; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span { padding: 0.2em 0; display: block; display: table; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span.partial { color: #666666; filter: grayscale(50%); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span.no { color: #CCCCCC; filter: grayscale(100%); }
            .canisue-status > .support > span.no::before { opacity: 0.5; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span:first-of-type { padding-top: 0.5em; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span > span { padding: 0 0.5em; display: table-cell; vertical-align: top; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span > span:first-child { width: 100%; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span > span:last-child { width: 100%; white-space: pre; padding: 0; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > span::before { content: ' '; display: table-cell; min-width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; background: no-repeat center center; background-size: contain; text-align: right; font-size: 0.75em; font-weight: bold; }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .and_chr::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/chrome.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .and_ff::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/firefox.png); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .and_uc::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/uc.png); } /* UC Browser for Android */
            .caniuse-status > .support > .android::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/android.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .bb::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/bb.jpg); } /* Blackberry Browser */
            .caniuse-status > .support > .chrome::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/chrome.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .edge::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/edge.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .firefox::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/firefox.png); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .ie::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/ie.png); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .ie_mob::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/ie-mobile.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .ios_saf::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/safari-ios.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .op_mini::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera-mini.png); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .op_mob::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .opera::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/opera.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .safari::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/safari.png); }
            .caniuse-status > .support > .samsung::before { background-image: url(https://resources.whatwg.org/browser-logos/samsung.svg); }
            .caniuse-status > .caniuse { text-align: right; font-style: italic; }
            @media (max-width: 767px) {
                .caniuse-status.wrapped { width: 9em; height: auto; }
                .caniuse-status:not(.wrapped) { width: 1em; height: 1em; }
                .caniuse-status.wrapped > :not(input) { display: block; }
                .caniuse-status:not(.wrapped) > :not(input) { display: none; }
            }</style>
<style>/* style-counters */

body {
    counter-reset: example figure issue;
}
.issue {
    counter-increment: issue;
}
.issue:not(.no-marker)::before {
    content: "Issue " counter(issue);
}

.example {
    counter-increment: example;
}
.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
    content: "Example " counter(example);
}
.invalid.example:not(.no-marker)::before,
.illegal.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
    content: "Invalid Example" counter(example);
}

figcaption {
    counter-increment: figure;
}
figcaption:not(.no-marker)::before {
    content: "Figure " counter(figure) " ";
}</style>
<style>/* style-autolinks */

.css.css, .property.property, .descriptor.descriptor {
    color: #005a9c;
    font-size: inherit;
    font-family: inherit;
}
.css::before, .property::before, .descriptor::before {
    content: "‘";
}
.css::after, .property::after, .descriptor::after {
    content: "’";
}
.property, .descriptor {
    /* Don't wrap property and descriptor names */
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.type { /* CSS value <type> */
    font-style: italic;
}
pre .property::before, pre .property::after {
    content: "";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::before,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::before,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::before,
[data-link-type="value"]::before,
[data-link-type="function"]::before,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::before,
[data-link-type="selector"]::before,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::before {
    content: "‘";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::after,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::after,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::after,
[data-link-type="value"]::after,
[data-link-type="function"]::after,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::after,
[data-link-type="selector"]::after,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::after {
    content: "’";
}

[data-link-type].production::before,
[data-link-type].production::after,
.prod [data-link-type]::before,
.prod [data-link-type]::after {
    content: "";
}

[data-link-type=element],
[data-link-type=element-attr] {
    font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace;
    font-size: .9em;
}
[data-link-type=element]::before { content: "<" }
[data-link-type=element]::after  { content: ">" }

[data-link-type=biblio] {
    white-space: pre;
}</style>
<style>/* style-dfn-panel */

.dfn-panel {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 35;
    height: auto;
    width: -webkit-fit-content;
    width: fit-content;
    max-width: 300px;
    max-height: 500px;
    overflow: auto;
    padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
    font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
    background: #DDDDDD;
    color: black;
    border: outset 0.2em;
}
.dfn-panel:not(.on) { display: none; }
.dfn-panel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; }
.dfn-panel > b { display: block; }
.dfn-panel a { color: black; }
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover) { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; }
.dfn-panel > b + b { margin-top: 0.25em; }
.dfn-panel ul { padding: 0; }
.dfn-panel li { list-style: inside; }
.dfn-panel.activated {
    display: inline-block;
    position: fixed;
    left: .5em;
    bottom: 2em;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: calc(100vw - 1.5em - .4em - .5em);
    max-height: 30vh;
}

.dfn-paneled { cursor: pointer; }
</style>
<style>/* style-syntax-highlighting */

.highlight:not(.idl) { background: hsl(24, 20%, 95%); }
code.highlight { padding: .1em; border-radius: .3em; }
pre.highlight, pre > code.highlight { display: block; padding: 1em; margin: .5em 0; overflow: auto; border-radius: 0; }
c-[a] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Declaration */
c-[b] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Type */
c-[c] { color: #708090 } /* Comment */
c-[d] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Multiline */
c-[e] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Attribute */
c-[f] { color: #669900 } /* Name.Tag */
c-[g] { color: #222222 } /* Name.Variable */
c-[k] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword */
c-[l] { color: #000000 } /* Literal */
c-[m] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number */
c-[n] { color: #0077aa } /* Name */
c-[o] { color: #999999 } /* Operator */
c-[p] { color: #999999 } /* Punctuation */
c-[s] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String */
c-[t] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Single */
c-[u] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Double */
c-[cp] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Preproc */
c-[c1] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Single */
c-[cs] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Special */
c-[kc] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Constant */
c-[kn] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Namespace */
c-[kp] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
c-[kr] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Reserved */
c-[ld] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Date */
c-[nc] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Class */
c-[no] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Constant */
c-[nd] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Decorator */
c-[ni] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Entity */
c-[ne] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Exception */
c-[nf] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Function */
c-[nl] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Label */
c-[nn] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Namespace */
c-[py] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Property */
c-[ow] { color: #999999 } /* Operator.Word */
c-[mb] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
c-[mf] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
c-[mh] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
c-[mi] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
c-[mo] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
c-[sb] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
c-[sc] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Char */
c-[sd] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
c-[se] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Escape */
c-[sh] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
c-[si] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
c-[sx] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Other */
c-[sr] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
c-[ss] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
c-[vc] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Variable.Class */
c-[vg] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Variable.Global */
c-[vi] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
c-[il] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
 <body class="h-entry">
  <div class="head">
   <p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
   <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 4</h1>
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Editor’s Draft, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="1970-01-01">1 January 1970</time></span></h2>
   <details>
    <summary>Specification Metadata</summary>
    <div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
     <dl>
      <dt>This version:
      <dd><a class="u-url" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-4/">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-4/</a>
      <dt>Latest published version:
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-4/</a>
      <dt>Previous Versions:
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-css-ui-4-20171222/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-css-ui-4-20171222/</a>
      <dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-css-ui-4-20150922/" rel="prev">https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-css-ui-4-20150922/</a>
      <dt>Test Suite:
      <dd><a href="http://test.csswg.org/suites/css-ui-4_dev/nightly-unstable/">http://test.csswg.org/suites/css-ui-4_dev/nightly-unstable/</a>
      <dt class="editor">Editor:
      <dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="43241"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href="https://florian.rivoal.net/">Florian Rivoal</a> (<span class="p-org org">On behalf of Bloomberg</span>)
      <dt>Suggest an Edit for this Spec:
      <dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/blob/master/css-ui-4/Overview.bs">GitHub Editor</a>
      <dt>Issue Tracking:
      <dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/labels/css-ui-4">GitHub Issues</a>
     </dl>
    </div>
   </details>
   <div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
   <p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright"><a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 1970 <a href="https://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="https://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>). W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document">permissive document license</a> rules apply. </p>
   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>
  <div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
   <p>This specification describes user interface related

          properties and values to style HTML and XML (including XHTML).
          It includes and extends user interface related features
          from the properties and values of previous CSS levels.
          It uses various properties and values
          to style basic user interface elements in a document.</p>
    <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, etc. 
  </div>
  <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
  <div data-fill-with="status">
   <p> This is a public copy of the editors’ draft.
	It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
	Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
	Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress. </p>
   <p> <a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues">GitHub Issues</a> are preferred for discussion of this specification.
	When filing an issue, please put the text “css-ui” in the title,
	preferably like this:
	“[css-ui] <i data-lt>…summary of comment…</i>”.
	All issues and comments are <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-archive/">archived</a>,
	and there is also a <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">historical archive</a>. </p>
   <p> This document was produced by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/">CSS Working Group</a>. </p>
   <p> This document was produced by a group operating under
	the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/">W3C Patent Policy</a>.
	W3C maintains a <a href="https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
	that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
	An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>. </p>
   <p> This document is governed by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/2019/Process-20190301/" id="w3c_process_revision">1 March 2019 W3C Process Document</a>. </p>
   <p></p>
   <p>This specification will include and extend <cite>CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3.</cite> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a></p>
  </div>
  <div data-fill-with="at-risk">
   <p>The following features are at-risk, and may be dropped during the CR period: </p>
   <ul>
    <li>Applicability of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select">user-select</a> to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-before" id="ref-for-selectordef-before">::before</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-after" id="ref-for-selectordef-after">::after</a>
   </ul>
   <p>“At-risk” is a W3C Process term-of-art, and does not necessarily imply that the feature is in danger of being dropped or delayed. It means that the WG believes the feature may have difficulty being interoperably implemented in a timely manner, and marking it as such allows the WG to drop the feature if necessary when transitioning to the Proposed Rec stage, without having to publish a new Candidate Rec without the feature first.</p>
  </div>
  <nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
   <ol class="toc" role="directory">
    <li>
     <a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#purpose"><span class="secno">1.1</span> <span class="content">Purpose</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li><a href="#interaction"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Module Interactions</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#outline-props"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">Outline properties</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#outline"><span class="secno">3.1</span> <span class="content">Outlines Shorthand: the <span class="property">outline</span> property</span></a>
      <li><a href="#outline-width"><span class="secno">3.2</span> <span class="content">Outline Thickness: the <span class="property">outline-width</span> property</span></a>
      <li><a href="#outline-style"><span class="secno">3.3</span> <span class="content">Outline Patterns: the <span class="property">outline-style</span> property</span></a>
      <li><a href="#outline-color"><span class="secno">3.4</span> <span class="content">Outline Colors: the <span class="property">outline-color</span> property</span></a>
      <li><a href="#outline-offset"><span class="secno">3.5</span> <span class="content">Offsetting the Outline: the <span class="property">outline-offset</span> property</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#resizing"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content"> <span></span> Resizing</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#resize"><span class="secno">4.1</span> <span class="content">Resizing Boxes: the <span class="property">resize</span> property</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#pointing-keyboard"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">Pointing Devices and Keyboards</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li>
       <a href="#pointer-interaction"><span class="secno">5.1</span> <span class="content">Pointer interaction</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li>
         <a href="#cursor"><span class="secno">5.1.1</span> <span class="content">Styling the Cursor: the <span class="property">cursor</span> property</span></a>
         <ol class="toc">
          <li><a href="#canvas_cursor"><span class="secno">5.1.1.1</span> <span class="content">Cursor of the canvas</span></a>
         </ol>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#insertion-caret"><span class="secno">5.2</span> <span class="content">Insertion caret</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#caret-color"><span class="secno">5.2.1</span> <span class="content">Coloring the Insertion Caret: the <span class="property">caret-color</span> property</span></a>
        <li><a href="#caret-shape"><span class="secno">5.2.2</span> <span class="content">Shape of the insertion caret: <span class="property">caret-shape</span></span></a>
        <li><a href="#caret"><span class="secno">5.2.3</span> <span class="content">Insertion caret shorthand: <span class="property">caret</span></span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#keyboard"><span class="secno">5.3</span> <span class="content">Keyboard control</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li>
         <a href="#nav-dir"><span class="secno">5.3.1</span> <span class="content">Directional Focus Navigation: the <span class="property">nav-up</span>, <span class="property">nav-right</span>, <span class="property">nav-down</span>, <span class="property">nav-left</span> properties</span></a>
         <ol class="toc">
          <li><a href="#example-positioned-buttons"><span class="secno">5.3.1.1</span> <span class="content">Example: positioned buttons</span></a>
          <li><a href="#example-moving-focus-to-inside-a-frame"><span class="secno">5.3.1.2</span> <span class="content">Example: moving focus to inside a frame</span></a>
         </ol>
        <li><a href="#input-method-editor"><span class="secno">5.3.2</span> <span class="content">Obsolete: the ime-mode property</span></a>
       </ol>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#user-interaction"><span class="secno">6</span> <span class="content">User Interaction</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#content-selection"><span class="secno">6.1</span> <span class="content">Controlling content selection</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#styling-widgets"><span class="secno">7</span> <span class="content">Styling Widgets</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li>
       <a href="#appearance-switching"><span class="secno">7.1</span> <span class="content">Switching appearance</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#appearance-decorative"><span class="secno">7.1.1</span> <span class="content"> Effects of <span class="property">appearance</span> on Decorative Aspects of Elements</span></a>
        <li><a href="#appearance-semantics"><span class="secno">7.1.2</span> <span class="content"> Effects of <span class="property">appearance</span> on Semantic Aspects of Elements</span></a>
       </ol>
      <li>
       <a href="#control-specific-rules"><span class="secno">7.2</span> <span class="content"> Control Specific Rules</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#input-rules"><span class="secno">7.2.1</span> <span class="content"> Single-Line Text Input Controls</span></a>
       </ol>
     </ol>
    <li><a href="#acknowledgments"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Appendix A. Acknowledgments</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#changes"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Appendix B. Changes</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#changes-22-12-2017"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Changes from the <span>22 December 2017 Working Draft</span></span></a>
      <li><a href="#changes-22-09-2015"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Changes from the <span>22 Sep 2015 First Public Working Draft</span></span></a>
     </ol>
    <li><a href="#security-privacy-considerations"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</span></a>
    <li><a href="#default-style-sheet"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Appendix D. Default style sheet additions for HTML</span></a>
    <li>
     <a href="#conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Conformance</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#document-conventions"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Document conventions</span></a>
      <li><a href="#conform-classes"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Conformance classes</span></a>
      <li>
       <a href="#conform-responsible"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Requirements for Responsible Implementation of CSS</span></a>
       <ol class="toc">
        <li><a href="#conform-partial"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Partial Implementations</span></a>
        <li><a href="#conform-future-proofing"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features</span></a>
        <li><a href="#conform-testing"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content"> Implementations of CR-level Features</span></a>
       </ol>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#index-defined-here"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span></a>
      <li><a href="#index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li>
     <a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
     <ol class="toc">
      <li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
      <li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
     </ol>
    <li><a href="#property-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Property Index</span></a>
    <li><a href="#issues-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Issues Index</span></a>
   </ol>
  </nav>
  <main>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
   <p>This module describes CSS properties which enable authors
to style user interface related properties and values.</p>
   <p><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1#anchor-pseudo-classes">Section 2.1 of CSS1</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css1">[CSS1]</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/ui.html">Chapter 18 of CSS2</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a> introduced several user interface related properties and values. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-css3-userint-20000216">User Interface for CSS3 (16 February 2000)</a> introduced several new user interface related features.</p>
   <p><a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a> was later introduced to incorporate, extend, and supersede these.
This specification continues this work, and in turn replaces <span>[CSS-UI-3]</span>.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.1" id="purpose"><span class="secno">1.1. </span><span class="content">Purpose</span><a class="self-link" href="#purpose"></a></h3>
   <p>The purpose of this specification is to achieve the following objectives:</p>
   <ul>
    <li>Extend the user interface features in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a> 
    <li>Provide additional CSS mechanisms to augment or replace other
	dynamic presentation related features in HTML. 
    <li>Introduce directional navigation properties to assist in the construction of
	user interfaces which make use of a directional navigation model. 
   </ul>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="interaction"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Module Interactions</span><a class="self-link" href="#interaction"></a></h2>
   <p>This document defines new features not present in earlier specifications.
In addition, it replaces and supersedes <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a>,
which itself replaced and superseded the following:</p>
   <ul>
    <li> <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/ui.html#cursor-props">Section 18.1</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/ui.html#dynamic-outlines">section 18.4</a>,
		and Information on the stacking of outlines defined in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/zindex.html">Appendix E</a> of Cascading Style Sheets, level 2, revision 1 <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a> 
    <li> <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-css3-userint-20000216">User Interface for CSS3 (16 February 2000)</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a> 
   </ul>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <span id="box-model"></span> <span id="box-sizing"></span> <span id="propdef-box-sizing"></span> <span id="valdef-box-sizing-content-box"></span> <span id="valdef-box-sizing-border-box"></span> <span id="min-inner-width"></span> <span id="max-inner-width"></span> <span id="min-inner-height"></span> <span id="max-inner-height"></span> <span id="example-d824f1dc"></span> <span id="box-sizing-example"></span> The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing">box-sizing</a> property was previously defined in this section of the specification,
but has been moved to <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/#box-sizing">CSS Sizing 3 §3.3 Box Edges for Sizing: the box-sizing property</a>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <span class="caniuse-paneled" id="text-overflow"></span> <span id="propdef-text-overflow"></span> <span id="overflow-clip"></span> <span id="overflow-ellipsis"></span> <span id="overflow-string"></span> <span id="funcdef-text-overflow-fade"></span> <span id="issue-ebe65138"></span> <span id="issue-2e22b1d9"></span> <span id="issue-948cb1ee"></span> <span id="valdef-text-overflow-fade"></span> <span id="example-160d0058"></span> <span id="bidi-ellipsis"></span> <span id="ellipsing-details"></span> <span id="ellipsis-interaction"></span> <span id="example-44082941"></span> <span id="text-overflow-examples"></span> <span id="issue-4b5212a2"></span> <span id="ellipsis-scrolling"></span> <span id="example-45d2531f"></span> <span id="example-347bbb66"></span> The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-4/#propdef-text-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-text-overflow">text-overflow</a> property was previously defined in this section of the specification,
but has been moved to <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/#text-overflow">CSS Overflow 3 §4.1 Overflow Ellipsis: the text-overflow property</a>.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled caniuse-paneled" data-level="3" id="outline-props"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">Outline properties</span><a class="self-link" href="#outline-props"></a></h2>
   <p>At times, style sheet authors may want to create outlines around
visual objects such as buttons, active form fields, image maps, etc.,
to make them stand out. Outlines differ from borders in the following
ways:</p>
   <ol>
    <li>Outlines do not take up space. 
    <li>Outlines may be non-rectangular. 
    <li>UAs often render outlines on elements in the :focus state. 
   </ol>
   <p>The outline properties control the style of these dynamic outlines.</p>
   <p>The stacking of the rendering of these outlines is explicitly left up to implementations
to provide a better user experience per platform.
This supersedes the stacking of outlines as defined in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/zindex.html">Appendix E of CSS 2.1</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a>.</p>
   <p><strong class="advisement"> Keyboard users,
	 in particular people with disabilities
	 who may not be able to interact with the page in any other fashion,
	 depend on the outline being visible
	 on elements in the :focus state,
	 thus authors must not make the outline invisible on such elements
	 without making sure an alternative highlighting mechanism is provided. </strong></p>
   <p>The rendering of applying transforms to outlines is left explicitly undefined in CSS3-UI.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.1" id="outline"><span class="secno">3.1. </span><span class="content">Outlines Shorthand: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline" id="ref-for-propdef-outline">outline</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#outline"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="outline">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-outline">outline</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">[ <a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color">&lt;'outline-color'></a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any" id="ref-for-comb-any">||</a> <a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-style" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-style">&lt;'outline-style'></a> <span id="ref-for-comb-any①">||</span> <a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-width" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-width">&lt;'outline-width'></a> ]
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
   </table>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2" id="outline-width"><span class="secno">3.2. </span><span class="content">Outline Thickness: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-width" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-width①">outline-width</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#outline-width"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="outline-width">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-outline-width">outline-width</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#typedef-line-width" id="ref-for-typedef-line-width" title="Expands to: thick | medium | thin">&lt;line-width></a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>medium
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>absolute length; <span class="css">0</span> if the outline style is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#valdef-line-style-none" id="ref-for-valdef-line-style-none">none</a>.
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value
   </table>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.3" id="outline-style"><span class="secno">3.3. </span><span class="content">Outline Patterns: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-style" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-style①">outline-style</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#outline-style"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="outline-style">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-outline-style">outline-style</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-outline-line-style" id="ref-for-typedef-outline-line-style">&lt;outline-line-style></a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>none
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value
   </table>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.4" id="outline-color"><span class="secno">3.4. </span><span class="content">Outline Colors: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color①">outline-color</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#outline-color"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="outline-color">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-outline-color">outline-color</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color" id="ref-for-valuea-def-color" title="Expands to: indigo | gold | firebrick | indianred | yellow | darkolivegreen | darkseagreen | slategrey | darkslategrey | mediumvioletred | mediumorchid | transparent | chartreuse | mediumslateblue | black | springgreen | crimson | lightsalmon | brown | turquoise | olivedrab | cyan | silver | skyblue | gray | darkturquoise | goldenrod | darkgreen | darkviolet | darkgray | lightpink | teal | darkmagenta | lightgoldenrodyellow | lavender | yellowgreen | thistle | violet | navy | dimgrey | orchid | blue | ghostwhite | honeydew | cornflowerblue | darkblue | darkkhaki | mediumpurple | cornsilk | red | bisque | slategray | darkcyan | khaki | wheat | deepskyblue | rebeccapurple | darkred | steelblue | aliceblue | lightslategrey | gainsboro | mediumturquoise | floralwhite | coral | purple | lightgrey | lightcyan | darksalmon | beige | azure | lightsteelblue | oldlace | greenyellow | royalblue | lightseagreen | mistyrose | sienna | lightcoral | orangered | navajowhite | lime | palegreen | burlywood | seashell | mediumspringgreen | fuchsia | papayawhip | blanchedalmond | peru | aquamarine | white | darkslategray | tomato | ivory | dodgerblue | currentcolor | lemonchiffon | chocolate | orange | forestgreen | darkgrey | olive | mintcream | antiquewhite | darkorange | cadetblue | moccasin | limegreen | saddlebrown | grey | darkslateblue | lightskyblue | deeppink | plum | aqua | darkgoldenrod | maroon | sandybrown | magenta | tan | rosybrown | pink | lightblue | palevioletred | mediumseagreen | slateblue | dimgray | powderblue | seagreen | snow | mediumblue | midnightblue | paleturquoise | palegoldenrod | whitesmoke | darkorchid | salmon | lightslategray | lawngreen | lightgreen | lightgray | hotpink | lightyellow | lavenderblush | linen | mediumaquamarine | green | blueviolet | peachpuff">&lt;color></a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one①">|</a> invert
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>invert
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>The computed value for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-outline-color-invert" id="ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert">invert</a> is <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert①">invert</span>.
For <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color" id="ref-for-valuea-def-color①" title="Expands to: indigo | gold | firebrick | indianred | yellow | darkolivegreen | darkseagreen | slategrey | darkslategrey | mediumvioletred | mediumorchid | transparent | chartreuse | mediumslateblue | black | springgreen | crimson | lightsalmon | brown | turquoise | olivedrab | cyan | silver | skyblue | gray | darkturquoise | goldenrod | darkgreen | darkviolet | darkgray | lightpink | teal | darkmagenta | lightgoldenrodyellow | lavender | yellowgreen | thistle | violet | navy | dimgrey | orchid | blue | ghostwhite | honeydew | cornflowerblue | darkblue | darkkhaki | mediumpurple | cornsilk | red | bisque | slategray | darkcyan | khaki | wheat | deepskyblue | rebeccapurple | darkred | steelblue | aliceblue | lightslategrey | gainsboro | mediumturquoise | floralwhite | coral | purple | lightgrey | lightcyan | darksalmon | beige | azure | lightsteelblue | oldlace | greenyellow | royalblue | lightseagreen | mistyrose | sienna | lightcoral | orangered | navajowhite | lime | palegreen | burlywood | seashell | mediumspringgreen | fuchsia | papayawhip | blanchedalmond | peru | aquamarine | white | darkslategray | tomato | ivory | dodgerblue | currentcolor | lemonchiffon | chocolate | orange | forestgreen | darkgrey | olive | mintcream | antiquewhite | darkorange | cadetblue | moccasin | limegreen | saddlebrown | grey | darkslateblue | lightskyblue | deeppink | plum | aqua | darkgoldenrod | maroon | sandybrown | magenta | tan | rosybrown | pink | lightblue | palevioletred | mediumseagreen | slateblue | dimgray | powderblue | seagreen | snow | mediumblue | midnightblue | paleturquoise | palegoldenrod | whitesmoke | darkorchid | salmon | lightslategray | lawngreen | lightgreen | lightgray | hotpink | lightyellow | lavenderblush | linen | mediumaquamarine | green | blueviolet | peachpuff">&lt;color></a> values, see [[!CSS-COLOR-4#resolving-color-values]] in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-color-4">[CSS-COLOR-4]</a>.
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value
   </table>
   <p>The outline created with the outline properties is drawn "over" a box,
i.e., the outline is always on top,
and doesn’t influence the position or size of the box,
or of any other boxes.
Therefore, displaying or suppressing outlines does not cause reflow.</p>
   <p>Outlines may be non-rectangular.
For example, if the element is broken across several lines,
the outline should be an outline or minimum set of outlines
that encloses all the element’s boxes.</p>
   <p>Each part of the outline should be fully connected
rather than open on some sides
(as borders on inline elements are when lines are broken).</p>
   <p>The parts of the outline are not required to be rectangular.
To the extent that the outline follows the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge" id="ref-for-border-edge">border edge</a>,
it should follow the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-radius" id="ref-for-propdef-border-radius">border-radius</a> curve.</p>
   <p>The position of the outline may be affected by descendant boxes.</p>
   <p>User agents should use an algorithm for determining
the outline that encloses a region appropriate
for conveying the concept of focus to the user.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This specification does not define the exact position or shape of the outline, but it is typically drawn immediately outside the border box.</p>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-width" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-width②">outline-width</a> property accepts
the same values as <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-width" id="ref-for-propdef-border-width">border-width</a> (<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/#the-border-width">CSS Backgrounds 3 §4.3 Line Thickness: the border-width properties</a>).</p>
   <p><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="type" data-export id="typedef-outline-line-style"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-outline-line-style" id="ref-for-typedef-outline-line-style①">&lt;outline-line-style></a></dfn> accepts
the same values as <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#typedef-line-style" id="ref-for-typedef-line-style" title="Expands to: none | ridge | dotted | solid | dashed | outset | inset | double | hidden | groove">&lt;line-style></a> (<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/#the-border-style">CSS Backgrounds 3 §4.2 Line Patterns: the border-style properties</a>)
with the same meaning,
except that <span class="css">hidden</span> is not a legal outline style.
In addition,
the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-style" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-style②">outline-style</a> property
accepts the value <span class="css">auto</span>.
The <span class="css">auto</span> value permits the user agent
to render a custom outline style,
typically a style which is either a user interface default for the platform,
or perhaps a style that is richer
than can be described in detail in CSS,
e.g. a rounded edge outline with semi-translucent outer pixels
that appears to glow.
As such, this specification does not define how the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color②">outline-color</a> is incorporated or used (if at all) when rendering <span class="css">auto</span> style outlines.
User agents may treat <span class="css">auto</span> as <span class="css">solid</span>.</p>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color③">outline-color</a> property
accepts all colors, as well as the keyword <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="outline-color" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-outline-color-invert">invert</dfn>. <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-outline-color-invert" id="ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert②">invert</a> is expected to perform a color inversion on the pixels on the screen.
This is a common trick to ensure the focus border is visible,
regardless of color background.</p>
   <p>Conformant UAs may ignore the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-outline-color-invert" id="ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert③">invert</a> value
on platforms that do not support color inversion of the pixels on the screen.</p>
   <p>If the UA does not support the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-outline-color-invert" id="ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert④">invert</a> value
then it must reject that value at parse-time, and
the initial value of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color④">outline-color</a> property
is the <span class="css">currentColor</span> keyword.</p>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline" id="ref-for-propdef-outline①">outline</a> property is a shorthand property,
and sets all three of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-style" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-style③">outline-style</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-width" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-width③">outline-width</a>,
and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color⑤">outline-color</a>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The outline is the same on all sides.
In contrast to borders,
there are no <span class="css">outline-top</span> or <span class="css">outline-left</span> etc. properties.</p>
   <p>This specification does not define how multiple overlapping outlines are drawn,
or how outlines are drawn for boxes that are partially obscured behind other elements.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-19044d1b">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-19044d1b"></a> Here’s an example of drawing a thick outline around a BUTTON element: 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>button </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>outline</c-><c- p>:</c-> thick solid <c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <p>Graphical user interfaces may use outlines around elements
to tell the user which element on the page has the focus.
These outlines are in addition to any borders,
and switching outlines on and off should not cause the document to reflow.
The focus is the subject of user interaction in a document
(e.g. for entering text or selecting a button).</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-a8cb5036">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-a8cb5036"></a> For example, to draw a thick black line around an element when it has the focus,
	and a thick red line when it is active,
	the following rules can be used: 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>:focus  </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>outline</c-><c- p>:</c-> thick solid black <c- p>}</c->
<c- f>:active </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>outline</c-><c- p>:</c-> thick solid red <c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Since the outline does not affect formatting
(i.e., no space is left for it in the box model),
it may well overlap other elements on the page.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.5" id="outline-offset"><span class="secno">3.5. </span><span class="content">Offsetting the Outline: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-offset" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-offset">outline-offset</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#outline-offset"></a></h3>
   <p>By default, the outline is drawn starting just outside the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge" id="ref-for-border-edge①">border edge</a>.
However, it is possible to offset the outline and draw it beyond the <span id="ref-for-border-edge②">border edge</span>.</p>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="outline-offset">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-outline-offset">outline-offset</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value" id="ref-for-length-value" title="Expands to: em | vb | ch | cm | vh | vi | in | ex | vw | ic | pt | px | lh | pc | rem | rlh | vmax | advance measure | vmin | mm | cap | q">&lt;length></a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>0
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>absolute length
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value
   </table>
   <p>If the computed value of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-offset" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-offset①">outline-offset</a> is anything other than 0,
then the outline is outset from the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge" id="ref-for-border-edge③">border edge</a> by that amount.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-b8a7d53b">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-b8a7d53b"></a> For example,
	to leave 2 pixels of space between a focus outline
	and the element that has the focus or is active,
	the following rule can be used: 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>:focus,:active  </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>outline-offset</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>2</c-><c- l>px</c-> <c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <p id="negative-offset">Negative values must cause the outline
to shrink into the border box.
Both the height and the width of outside of the shape
drawn by the outline should not become smaller
than twice the computed value of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-width" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-width④">outline-width</a> property,
to make sure that an outline can be rendered
even with large negative values.
User Agents should apply this constraint
independently in each dimension.
If the outline is drawn as multiple disconnected shapes,
this constraint applies to each shape separately. </p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="resizing"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content"> <span id="resizing-and-overflow"></span> Resizing</span><a class="self-link" href="#resizing"></a></h2>
   <p>CSS2.1 provides a mechanism for controlling the appearance of a scrolling mechanism
(e.g. scrollbars)
on block container elements.
This specification adds to that a mechanism for controlling
user resizability of elements as well as the ability to specify text overflow behavior.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled caniuse-paneled" data-level="4.1" id="resize"><span class="secno">4.1. </span><span class="content">Resizing Boxes: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize">resize</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#resize"></a></h3>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize①">resize</a> property allows the author
to specify whether or not an element is resizable by the user,
and if so, along which axis/axes.</p>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="resize">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-resize">resize</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">none <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one②">|</a> both <span id="ref-for-comb-one③">|</span> horizontal <span id="ref-for-comb-one④">|</span> vertical
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>none
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>elements with <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#propdef-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-overflow">overflow</a> other than visible,
and optionally replaced elements such as images, videos, and iframes
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete
   </table>
   <dl>
    <dt>none 
    <dd>The UA does not present a resizing mechanism on the element,
	and the user is given no direct manipulation mechanism to resize the element. 
    <dt>both 
    <dd>The UA presents a bidirectional resizing mechanism
	to allow the user to adjust both the height and the width of the element. 
    <dt>horizontal 
    <dd>The UA presents a unidirectional horizontal resizing mechanism
	to allow the user to adjust only the width of the element. 
    <dt>vertical 
    <dd>The UA presents a unidirectional vertical resizing mechanism
	to allow the user to adjust only the height of the element. 
   </dl>
   <p>Currently it is possible to control the appearance of the scrolling mechanism (if any)
on an element using the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#propdef-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-overflow①">overflow</a> property
(e.g. <code class="lang-css highlight">overflow: scroll</code> vs. <code class="lang-css highlight">overflow: hidden</code> etc.).
The purpose of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize②">resize</a> property
is to allow control over the appearance and function of the resizing mechanism
(e.g. a resize box or widget) on the element.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The resizing mechanism is NOT the same as the scrolling mechanism,
nor is it related to any UA mechanism for zooming.
The scrolling mechanism allows the user
to determine which portion of the contents of an element is shown.
The resizing mechanism allows the user
to determine the size of the element.</p>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize③">resize</a> property applies to elements
whose computed <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#propdef-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-overflow②">overflow</a> value
is something other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#valdef-overflow-visible" id="ref-for-valdef-overflow-visible">visible</a>.
UAs may also apply it,
regardless of the value of the <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-overflow③">overflow</span> property,
to:</p>
   <ul>
    <li>Replaced elements representing images or videos, such as <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element" id="ref-for-the-img-element">img</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/media.html#video" id="ref-for-video">video</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-picture-element" id="ref-for-the-picture-element">picture</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/struct.html#elementdef-svg" id="ref-for-elementdef-svg">svg</a></code>, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-object-element" id="ref-for-the-object-element">object</a></code>, or <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html#canvas" id="ref-for-canvas">canvas</a></code>. 
    <li>The <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element" id="ref-for-the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> element. 
   </ul>
   <p>The effect of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize④">resize</a> property on generated content is undefined.
Implementations should not apply the <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-resize⑤">resize</span> property to generated content.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize⑥">resize</a> property may apply to generated content in the future
if there is implementation of <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#CSSPseudoElement-interface">Interface CSSPseudoElement</a>.</p>
   <p>When an element is resized by the user,
the user agent sets
the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width">width</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height">height</a> properties
to px unit length values of the size indicated by the user,
in the element’s <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-style-attr/#style-attribute">style attribute</a> DOM,
replacing existing property declaration(s), if any,
without <span class="css">!important</span>, if any.</p>
   <p>If an element is resized in only one dimension,
only the corresponding property is set, not both.</p>
   <p>The precise direction of resizing
(i.e. altering the top left of the element or altering the bottom right)
may depend on a number of CSS layout factors
including whether the element is absolutely positioned,
whether it is positioned using the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-right" id="ref-for-propdef-right">right</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-bottom" id="ref-for-propdef-bottom">bottom</a> properties,
whether the language of the element is right-to-left etc.
The UA should consider the direction of resizing
(as determined by CSS layout),
as well as platform conventions and constraints when deciding
how to convey the resizing mechanism to the user.</p>
   <p>The user agent must allow the user to resize the element
with no other constraints than what is imposed by <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-width" id="ref-for-propdef-min-width">min-width</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-width" id="ref-for-propdef-max-width">max-width</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-height" id="ref-for-propdef-min-height">min-height</a>, and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-height" id="ref-for-propdef-max-height">max-height</a>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> There may be situations where user attempts to resize an element
appear to be overriden or ignored, e.g. because of <span class="css">!important</span> cascading declarations that supersede
that element’s <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-style-attr/#style-attribute">style attribute</a> <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width" id="ref-for-propdef-width①">width</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height" id="ref-for-propdef-height①">height</a> properties in the DOM.</p>
   <p>Changes to the computed value of an element’s <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize⑦">resize</a> property
do not reset changes to the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-style-attr/#style-attribute">style attribute</a> made due to
user resizing of that element.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-bc9d9cee">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-bc9d9cee"></a> For example,
	to make iframes scrollable <em>and</em> resizable,
	the following rule can be used: 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>iframe,object[type^="text/"],</c->
<c- f>object[type$="+xml"],object[type="application/xml"]</c->
<c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>overflow</c-><c- p>:</c->auto<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>resize</c-><c- p>:</c->both<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="pointing-keyboard"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">Pointing Devices and Keyboards</span><a class="self-link" href="#pointing-keyboard"></a></h2>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1" id="pointer-interaction"><span class="secno">5.1. </span><span class="content">Pointer interaction</span><a class="self-link" href="#pointer-interaction"></a></h3>
   <h4 class="heading settled caniuse-paneled" data-level="5.1.1" id="cursor"><span class="secno">5.1.1. </span><span class="content">Styling the Cursor: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor">cursor</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#cursor"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="cursor">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-cursor">cursor</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">[ [<a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#url-value" id="ref-for-url-value">&lt;url></a> [&lt;x> &lt;y>]<a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt" id="ref-for-mult-opt">?</a><a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-comma" id="ref-for-comb-comma">,</a>]<a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-zero-plus" id="ref-for-mult-zero-plus">*</a> <br> [ auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤">|</a> default <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑥">|</span> none <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑦">|</span><br> context-menu <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑧">|</span> help <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑨">|</span> pointer <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⓪">|</span> progress <span id="ref-for-comb-one①①">|</span> wait <span id="ref-for-comb-one①②">|</span> <br> cell <span id="ref-for-comb-one①③">|</span> crosshair <span id="ref-for-comb-one①④">|</span> text <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑤">|</span> vertical-text <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑥">|</span> <br> alias <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑦">|</span> copy <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑧">|</span> move <span id="ref-for-comb-one①⑨">|</span> no-drop <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⓪">|</span> not-allowed <span id="ref-for-comb-one②①">|</span> grab <span id="ref-for-comb-one②②">|</span> grabbing <span id="ref-for-comb-one②③">|</span> <br> e-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one②④">|</span> n-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑤">|</span> ne-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑥">|</span> nw-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑦">|</span> s-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑧">|</span> se-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one②⑨">|</span> sw-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⓪">|</span> w-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③①">|</span> ew-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③②">|</span> ns-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③③">|</span> nesw-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③④">|</span> nwse-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑤">|</span> col-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑥">|</span> row-resize <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑦">|</span> all-scroll <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑧">|</span><br> zoom-in <span id="ref-for-comb-one③⑨">|</span> zoom-out <br> ] ]
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>as specified, except with any relative URLs converted to absolute
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete
   </table>
   <p>This property specifies the type of cursor to be displayed for the pointing device
when the cursor’s hotspot is within the element’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge" id="ref-for-border-edge④">border edge</a>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> As per <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/#the-border-radius">CSS Backgrounds 3 §5.1 Curve Radii: the border-radius properties</a>, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge" id="ref-for-border-edge⑤">border edge</a> is affected by <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-radius" id="ref-for-propdef-border-radius①">border-radius</a>.</p>
   <p>In the case of overlapping elements,
which element determines the type of cursor
is based on hit testing:
the element determining the cursor
is the one that would receive a click
initiated from this position.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The specifics of hit testing
are out of scope of this specification.
Hit testing will hopefully be defined
in a future revision of CSS or HTML.</p>
   <p>User agents may ignore the cursor property over native user-agent controls such as scrollbars, resizers, or other native UI widgets e.g. those that may be used inside some user agent specific implementations of form elements.
User agents may also ignore the cursor property
and display a cursor of their choice
to indicate various states of the UA’s user interface,
such as a busy cursor when the page is not responding,
or a text cursor when the user is performing text selection.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a> defines <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#image-maps-2">special handling of image maps</a> for the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor①">cursor</a> property.</p>
   <p>Values have the following meanings:</p>
   <dl id="cursors">
    <dt>image cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#url-value" id="ref-for-url-value①">&lt;url></a> 
      <dd>
        The user agent retrieves the cursor from the resource designated by the URI.
			If the user agent cannot handle the first cursor of a list of cursors,
			it must attempt to handle the second, etc.
			If the user agent cannot handle any user-defined cursor,
			it must use the cursor keyword at the end of the list.
			Conforming User Agents may, instead of <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#url-value" id="ref-for-url-value②">&lt;url></a>, support <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image" id="ref-for-typedef-image">&lt;image></a> which is a superset. 
       <p>The UA must support the following image file formats:</p>
       <ul>
        <li> PNG, as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-png">[PNG]</a> 
        <li> SVG, as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-svg11">[SVG11]</a>,
					in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/conform.html#secure-static-mode">secure static mode</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-svg2">[SVG2]</a>,
					if it has an intrinsic size. 
        <li> any other non-animated image file format that they support
					for <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image" id="ref-for-typedef-image①">&lt;image></a> in other properties,
					such as the the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-image" id="ref-for-propdef-background-image">background-image</a> property 
       </ul>
       <p>In addition, the UA should support the following image file formats:</p>
       <ul>
        <li> SVG, as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-svg11">[SVG11]</a>,
					in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/conform.html#secure-animated-mode">secure animated mode</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-svg2">[SVG2]</a>,
					if it has an intrinsic size. 
        <li> any other animated image file format that they support
					for <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image" id="ref-for-typedef-image②">&lt;image></a> in other properties,
					such as the the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-image" id="ref-for-propdef-background-image①">background-image</a> property 
       </ul>
       <p>The UA may also support additional file formats,
			including SVG, as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-svg11">[SVG11]</a>,
			in secure static mode or secure animated mode <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-svg2">[SVG2]</a>,
			even if it does not have an intrinsic size.</p>
       <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The CSS Working group initially intended support for all SVG,
			intrinsically sized or not.
			Support for non intrinsically sized SVG was downgraded from mandatory to optional due
			to lack of implementations.</p>
       <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> At the time of writing this specification (spring 2015),
			the only file formats supported for cursors in common desktop browsers are
			the .ico and .cur file formats, as designed by Microsoft.
			For compatibility with legacy content,
			UAs are encouraged to support these,
			even though the lack of an open specification
			makes it impossible to have a normative requirement
			about these formats.
			Some information on these formats can be found <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_%28file_format%29">on Wikipedia</a>.</p>
       <p>The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#default-object-size" id="ref-for-default-object-size">default object size</a> for cursor images is
			a UA-defined size that should be based on
			the size of a typical cursor on the UA’s operating system.</p>
       <p>The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#concrete-object-size" id="ref-for-concrete-object-size">concrete object size</a> is determined using
			the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#default-sizing-algorithm" id="ref-for-default-sizing-algorithm">default sizing algorithm</a>.
			If an operating system is <strong>incapable</strong> of rendering a cursor above a given size,
			cursors larger than that size must be shrunk to within
			the OS-supported size bounds,
			while maintaining the cursor image’s intrinsic ratio, if any.</p>
       <p>The optional &lt;x> and &lt;y> coordinates
			identify the exact position within the image which is the pointer position (i.e., the hotspot).</p>
      <dt>&lt;x> 
      <dt>&lt;y> 
      <dd>
        Each is a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value" id="ref-for-number-value">&lt;number></a>.
			The x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the position
			in the cursor’s coordinate system (left/top relative)
			which represents the precise position that is being pointed to. 
       <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This specification does not define
			how the coordinate systems of the various types of <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image" id="ref-for-typedef-image③">&lt;image></a> are established,
			and defers these definitions to <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css4-images">[CSS4-IMAGES]</a>.</p>
       <p>If the values are unspecified,
			then the intrinsic hotspot defined inside the image resource itself is used.
			If both the values are unspecific and the referenced cursor has no defined hotspot,
			the effect is as if a value of "0 0" were specified.</p>
       <p>If the coordinates of the hotspot,
			as specified either inside the image resource or
			by &lt;x> and &lt;y> values,
			fall outside of the cursor image,
			they must be clamped (independently) to fit.</p>
     </dl>
    <dt>general purpose cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt style="cursor:auto"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-auto">auto</dfn> 
      <dd>
        The UA determines the cursor to display based on the current context.
			Specifically, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-auto">auto</a> behaves as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-text" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-text">text</a> over selectable text or editable elements,
			and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-default" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-default">default</a> otherwise. 
       <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> When over selectable text or editable elements,
			as it does with <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-text" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-text①">text</a>,
			the UA must use a vertical or horizontal text cursor,
			as appropriate for the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#writing-mode" id="ref-for-writing-mode">writing mode</a> of the element,
			and may take transforms and other visual effects into account as well.</p>
      <dt style="cursor:default"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-default">default</dfn> 
      <dd>The platform-dependent default cursor.
		Often rendered as an arrow. 
      <dt style="cursor:none"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-none">none<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-none"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>No cursor is rendered for the element. 
     </dl>
    <dt>links and status cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt style="cursor:context-menu"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-context-menu">context-menu<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-context-menu"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>A context menu is available for the object under the cursor.
		Often rendered as an arrow with a small menu-like graphic next to it. 
      <dt style="cursor:help"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-help">help<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-help"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Help is available for the object under the cursor.
		Often rendered as a question mark or a balloon. 
      <dt style="cursor:pointer"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-pointer">pointer</dfn> 
      <dd>
       The cursor is a pointer that indicates a link.
		Often rendered as the backside of a hand with the index finger extended. 
       <p>Unless otherwise specified,
		UAs must apply <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor②">cursor: pointer</a> to hyperlinks
		for all supported document formats
		via the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#cascade-origin-ua" id="ref-for-cascade-origin-ua">UA stylesheet</a>,
		using a normal (i.e. not <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#bang-important" id="ref-for-bang-important">!important</a>) declaration.</p>
       <p>Authors should use pointer on links and may use on other interactive elements.</p>
      <dt style="cursor:progress"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-progress">progress<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-progress"></a></dfn> 
      <dd> A progress indicator.  The program is performing some processing,
			but is different from <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-wait" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-wait">wait</a> in that the user may still interact
			with the program. Often rendered as a spinning beach ball,
			or an arrow with a watch or hourglass. 
      <dt style="cursor:wait"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-wait">wait</dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that the program is busy and the user should wait.
		Often rendered as a watch or hourglass. 
     </dl>
    <dt>selection cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt style="cursor:cell"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-cell">cell<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-cell"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that a cell or set of cells may be selected.
		Often rendered as a thick plus-sign with a dot in the middle. 
      <dt style="cursor:crosshair"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-crosshair">crosshair<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-crosshair"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>A simple crosshair (e.g., short line segments resembling a "+" sign).
		Often used to indicate a two dimensional bitmap selection mode. 
      <dt style="cursor:text"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-text">text</dfn> 
      <dd> Indicates text that may be selected. Often rendered as an I-beam.
			User Agents must automatically display
			a vertical I-beam/cursor over elements with a horizontal <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#writing-mode" id="ref-for-writing-mode①">writing mode</a>,
			and a horizontal I-beam/cursor
			(e.g. same as the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-vertical-text" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-vertical-text">vertical-text</a> keyword)
			over elements in a vertical <span id="ref-for-writing-mode②">writing mode</span>.
			Additionally, User Agents may take transforms (see <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-transforms-1">[CSS-TRANSFORMS-1]</a>)
			or other visual effects such as text on a path (See <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/svg2/text.html#TextLayoutPath">SVG 2 §11.8 Text on a path</a>),
			when chosing between the horizontal or vertical text cursor,
			and may display any angle of I-beam/cursor for text that is rendered at any particular angle. 
      <dt style="cursor:vertical-text"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-vertical-text">vertical-text</dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates vertical-text that may be selected.
		Often rendered as a horizontal I-beam. 
     </dl>
    <dt>drag and drop cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt style="cursor:alias"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-alias">alias<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-alias"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates an alias of/shortcut to something is to be created.
		Often rendered as an arrow with a small curved arrow next to it. 
      <dt style="cursor:copy"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-copy">copy<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-copy"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates something is to be copied.
		Often rendered as an arrow with a small plus sign next to it. 
      <dt style="cursor:move"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-move">move<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-move"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates something is to be moved. 
      <dt style="cursor:no-drop"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-no-drop">no-drop<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-no-drop"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that the dragged item cannot be dropped at the current cursor location.
		Often rendered as a hand or pointer with a small circle with a line through it. 
      <dt style="cursor:not-allowed"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-not-allowed">not-allowed<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-not-allowed"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that the requested action will not be carried out.
		Often rendered as a circle with a line through it. 
      <dt class="caniuse-paneled" id="cursor-grab" style="cursor:grab"><a class="self-link" href="#cursor-grab"></a><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-grab">grab<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-grab"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that something can be grabbed (dragged to be moved).
		Often rendered as the backside of an open hand. 
      <dt style="cursor:grabbing"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-grabbing">grabbing<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-grabbing"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that something is being grabbed (dragged to be moved).
		Often rendered as the backside of a hand with fingers closed mostly out of view. 
     </dl>
    <dt>resizing and scrolling cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt> <span style="cursor:e-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-e-resize">e-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-e-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:n-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-n-resize">n-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-n-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:ne-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-ne-resize">ne-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-ne-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:nw-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-nw-resize">nw-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-nw-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:s-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-s-resize">s-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-s-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:se-resize"><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-se-resize">se-resize</dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:sw-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-sw-resize">sw-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-sw-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:w-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-w-resize">w-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-w-resize"></a></dfn></span> 
      <dd> Indicates that some edge is to be moved.
			For example, the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-se-resize" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-se-resize">se-resize</a> cursor is used
			when the movement starts from the south-east corner of the box. 
      <dt> <span style="cursor:ew-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-ew-resize">ew-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-ew-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:ns-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-ns-resize">ns-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-ns-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:nesw-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-nesw-resize">nesw-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-nesw-resize"></a></dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:nwse-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-nwse-resize">nwse-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-nwse-resize"></a></dfn></span> 
      <dd>Indicates a bidirectional resize cursor. 
      <dt style="cursor:col-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-col-resize">col-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-col-resize"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that the item/column can be resized horizontally.
		Often rendered as arrows pointing left and right with a vertical bar separating them. 
      <dt style="cursor:row-resize"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-row-resize">row-resize<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-row-resize"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that the item/row can be resized vertically.
		Often rendered as arrows pointing up and down with a horizontal bar separating them. 
      <dt style="cursor:all-scroll"><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-all-scroll">all-scroll<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-cursor-all-scroll"></a></dfn> 
      <dd>Indicates that the something can be scrolled in any direction.
		Often rendered as arrows pointing up, down, left, and right with a dot in the middle. 
     </dl>
    <dt class="caniuse-paneled" id="zooming-cursors"><a class="self-link" href="#zooming-cursors"></a>zooming cursors 
    <dd>
     <dl>
      <dt> <span style="cursor:zoom-in"> <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-zoom-in">zoom-in</dfn></span>, <span style="cursor:zoom-out"> <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="cursor" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-cursor-zoom-out">zoom-out</dfn></span> 
      <dd> Indicates that something can be zoomed (magnified) in or out,
			and often rendered as a magnifying glass with a "+" or "-" in the center of the glass,
			for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-zoom-in" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-zoom-in">zoom-in</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-zoom-out" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-zoom-out">zoom-out</a> respectively. 
     </dl>
   </dl>
   <div class="example" id="example-5242eab8">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-5242eab8"></a> Here is an example of using several cursor values. 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>:link,:visited </c-><c- p>{</c->
    <c- k>cursor</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- nf>url</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>example.svg#linkcursor</c-><c- p>),</c->
      <c- nf>url</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>hyper.cur</c-><c- p>),</c->
      <c- nf>url</c-><c- p>(</c-><c- s>hyper.png</c-><c- p>)</c-> <c- m>2</c-> <c- m>3</c-><c- p>,</c->
      pointer
<c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
    <p>This example sets the cursor on all hyperlinks (whether visited or not)
	to an external SVG <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/interact.html#CursorElement" id="ref-for-CursorElement">cursor</a></code>.
	User agents that don’t support SVG cursors would simply skip
	to the next value and attempt to use the "hyper.cur" cursor.
	If that cursor format was also not supported,
	the UA could attempt to use the "hyper.png" cursor with the explicit hotspot.
	Finally if the UA does not support any of those image cursor formats, the UA would skip to the last value
	and render the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-pointer" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-pointer">pointer</a> cursor.</p>
   </div>
   <h5 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1.1.1" id="canvas_cursor"><span class="secno">5.1.1.1. </span><span class="content">Cursor of the canvas</span><a class="self-link" href="#canvas_cursor"></a></h5>
   <p>The document <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/intro.html#the-canvas">canvas</a> is the infinite surface over which the document is rendered <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a>.
Since no element corresponds to the canvas,
in order to allow styling of the cursor when not over any element,
the canvas cursor re-uses the root element’s cursor.
However, if no boxes are generated for the root element
(for example, if the root element has <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display" id="ref-for-propdef-display">display: none</a>),
then the canvas cursor is the platform-dependent default cursor.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> An element might be invisible,
but still generate boxes. For example,
if the element has <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visufx.html#propdef-visibility" id="ref-for-propdef-visibility">visibility: hidden</a> but not <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display" id="ref-for-propdef-display①">display: none</a>,
boxes are generated for it and its cursor is used for the canvas.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2" id="insertion-caret"><span class="secno">5.2. </span><span class="content">Insertion caret</span><a class="self-link" href="#insertion-caret"></a></h3>
   <h4 class="heading settled caniuse-paneled" data-level="5.2.1" id="caret-color"><span class="secno">5.2.1. </span><span class="content">Coloring the Insertion Caret: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-color" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-color">caret-color</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#caret-color"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="caret-color">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-caret-color">caret-color</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④⓪">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color" id="ref-for-valuea-def-color②" title="Expands to: indigo | gold | firebrick | indianred | yellow | darkolivegreen | darkseagreen | slategrey | darkslategrey | mediumvioletred | mediumorchid | transparent | chartreuse | mediumslateblue | black | springgreen | crimson | lightsalmon | brown | turquoise | olivedrab | cyan | silver | skyblue | gray | darkturquoise | goldenrod | darkgreen | darkviolet | darkgray | lightpink | teal | darkmagenta | lightgoldenrodyellow | lavender | yellowgreen | thistle | violet | navy | dimgrey | orchid | blue | ghostwhite | honeydew | cornflowerblue | darkblue | darkkhaki | mediumpurple | cornsilk | red | bisque | slategray | darkcyan | khaki | wheat | deepskyblue | rebeccapurple | darkred | steelblue | aliceblue | lightslategrey | gainsboro | mediumturquoise | floralwhite | coral | purple | lightgrey | lightcyan | darksalmon | beige | azure | lightsteelblue | oldlace | greenyellow | royalblue | lightseagreen | mistyrose | sienna | lightcoral | orangered | navajowhite | lime | palegreen | burlywood | seashell | mediumspringgreen | fuchsia | papayawhip | blanchedalmond | peru | aquamarine | white | darkslategray | tomato | ivory | dodgerblue | currentcolor | lemonchiffon | chocolate | orange | forestgreen | darkgrey | olive | mintcream | antiquewhite | darkorange | cadetblue | moccasin | limegreen | saddlebrown | grey | darkslateblue | lightskyblue | deeppink | plum | aqua | darkgoldenrod | maroon | sandybrown | magenta | tan | rosybrown | pink | lightblue | palevioletred | mediumseagreen | slateblue | dimgray | powderblue | seagreen | snow | mediumblue | midnightblue | paleturquoise | palegoldenrod | whitesmoke | darkorchid | salmon | lightslategray | lawngreen | lightgreen | lightgray | hotpink | lightyellow | lavenderblush | linen | mediumaquamarine | green | blueviolet | peachpuff">&lt;color></a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>The computed value for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/#valdef-caret-color-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-color-auto">auto</a> is <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-color-auto①">auto</span>.
For <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color" id="ref-for-valuea-def-color③" title="Expands to: indigo | gold | firebrick | indianred | yellow | darkolivegreen | darkseagreen | slategrey | darkslategrey | mediumvioletred | mediumorchid | transparent | chartreuse | mediumslateblue | black | springgreen | crimson | lightsalmon | brown | turquoise | olivedrab | cyan | silver | skyblue | gray | darkturquoise | goldenrod | darkgreen | darkviolet | darkgray | lightpink | teal | darkmagenta | lightgoldenrodyellow | lavender | yellowgreen | thistle | violet | navy | dimgrey | orchid | blue | ghostwhite | honeydew | cornflowerblue | darkblue | darkkhaki | mediumpurple | cornsilk | red | bisque | slategray | darkcyan | khaki | wheat | deepskyblue | rebeccapurple | darkred | steelblue | aliceblue | lightslategrey | gainsboro | mediumturquoise | floralwhite | coral | purple | lightgrey | lightcyan | darksalmon | beige | azure | lightsteelblue | oldlace | greenyellow | royalblue | lightseagreen | mistyrose | sienna | lightcoral | orangered | navajowhite | lime | palegreen | burlywood | seashell | mediumspringgreen | fuchsia | papayawhip | blanchedalmond | peru | aquamarine | white | darkslategray | tomato | ivory | dodgerblue | currentcolor | lemonchiffon | chocolate | orange | forestgreen | darkgrey | olive | mintcream | antiquewhite | darkorange | cadetblue | moccasin | limegreen | saddlebrown | grey | darkslateblue | lightskyblue | deeppink | plum | aqua | darkgoldenrod | maroon | sandybrown | magenta | tan | rosybrown | pink | lightblue | palevioletred | mediumseagreen | slateblue | dimgray | powderblue | seagreen | snow | mediumblue | midnightblue | paleturquoise | palegoldenrod | whitesmoke | darkorchid | salmon | lightslategray | lawngreen | lightgreen | lightgray | hotpink | lightyellow | lavenderblush | linen | mediumaquamarine | green | blueviolet | peachpuff">&lt;color></a> values, see [[!CSS-COLOR-4#resolving-color-values]] in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-color-4">[CSS-COLOR-4]</a>.
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value
   </table>
   <dl>
    <dt>auto 
    <dd>
      User agents should use <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#valdef-color-currentcolor" id="ref-for-valdef-color-currentcolor">currentColor</a>.
		User agents may automatically adjust the color of caret
		to ensure good visibility and contrast with the surrounding content,
		possibly based on the currentColor, background, shadows, etc. 
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> When <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-shape" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-shape">caret-shape</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-block" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block">block</a>,
		ensuring good visibility and contrast
		is best achieved with a UA determined color other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#valdef-color-currentcolor" id="ref-for-valdef-color-currentcolor①">currentColor</a>.</p>
    <dt><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color" id="ref-for-valuea-def-color④" title="Expands to: indigo | gold | firebrick | indianred | yellow | darkolivegreen | darkseagreen | slategrey | darkslategrey | mediumvioletred | mediumorchid | transparent | chartreuse | mediumslateblue | black | springgreen | crimson | lightsalmon | brown | turquoise | olivedrab | cyan | silver | skyblue | gray | darkturquoise | goldenrod | darkgreen | darkviolet | darkgray | lightpink | teal | darkmagenta | lightgoldenrodyellow | lavender | yellowgreen | thistle | violet | navy | dimgrey | orchid | blue | ghostwhite | honeydew | cornflowerblue | darkblue | darkkhaki | mediumpurple | cornsilk | red | bisque | slategray | darkcyan | khaki | wheat | deepskyblue | rebeccapurple | darkred | steelblue | aliceblue | lightslategrey | gainsboro | mediumturquoise | floralwhite | coral | purple | lightgrey | lightcyan | darksalmon | beige | azure | lightsteelblue | oldlace | greenyellow | royalblue | lightseagreen | mistyrose | sienna | lightcoral | orangered | navajowhite | lime | palegreen | burlywood | seashell | mediumspringgreen | fuchsia | papayawhip | blanchedalmond | peru | aquamarine | white | darkslategray | tomato | ivory | dodgerblue | currentcolor | lemonchiffon | chocolate | orange | forestgreen | darkgrey | olive | mintcream | antiquewhite | darkorange | cadetblue | moccasin | limegreen | saddlebrown | grey | darkslateblue | lightskyblue | deeppink | plum | aqua | darkgoldenrod | maroon | sandybrown | magenta | tan | rosybrown | pink | lightblue | palevioletred | mediumseagreen | slateblue | dimgray | powderblue | seagreen | snow | mediumblue | midnightblue | paleturquoise | palegoldenrod | whitesmoke | darkorchid | salmon | lightslategray | lawngreen | lightgreen | lightgray | hotpink | lightyellow | lavenderblush | linen | mediumaquamarine | green | blueviolet | peachpuff">&lt;color></a> 
    <dd>The insertion caret is colored with the specified color. 
   </dl>
   <p>The caret is a visible indicator of the insertion point in an element where text (and potentially other content) is inserted by the user. This property controls the color of that visible indicator.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> UAs might have additional things that count as “carets”.
For example, some UAs can show a “navigation caret”,
which acts similarly to an insertion caret
but can be moved around in non-editable text,
and is functionally a caret.
On the other hand, the cursor image shown
when hovering over text when the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor③">cursor</a> property is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-auto①">auto</a>,
or when hovering over an element where the <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor④">cursor</span> property is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-text" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-text②">text</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-vertical-text" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-vertical-text①">vertical-text</a>,
though it sometimes resembles a caret, is not a caret (it’s a cursor).</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-dfd794ec">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-dfd794ec"></a> Example: a textarea with <code class="lang-css highlight">caret-color:#00aacc;</code> 
    <textarea style="caret-color:#00aacc;"> caret-color:#00aacc </textarea>
   </div>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2.2" id="caret-shape"><span class="secno">5.2.2. </span><span class="content">Shape of the insertion caret: <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-shape" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-shape①">caret-shape</a></span><a class="self-link" href="#caret-shape"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="caret-shape">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-caret-shape">caret-shape</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④①">|</a> bar <span id="ref-for-comb-one④②">|</span> block <span id="ref-for-comb-one④③">|</span> underscore
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>elements that accept input
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>by computed value
   </table>
   <p>This property allows authors to specify
the desired shape of the text insertion caret.</p>
   <p>Within the context of this definition, <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="character">character</dfn> is
to be understood as <em>extended grapheme cluster</em>,
as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-uax29">[UAX29]</a>, and <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="visible-character">visible character</dfn> means a character with a non-zero advance measure.</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="caret-shape" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-caret-shape-auto">auto<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-caret-shape-auto"></a></dfn> 
    <dd> The UA determines the shape of the caret.
		It should match platform conventions,
		and may be adjusted based on context.
		For example, if a UA switches between insert mode and overtype mode when the
		user presses the <em>insert</em> key on their keyboard,
		it may show a <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-bar" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-bar">bar</a> caret in insert mode,
		and a <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-block" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block①">block</a> caret in overtype mode. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="caret-shape" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-caret-shape-bar">bar</dfn> 
    <dd> The UA must render the text insertion caret
		as a thin bar placed at the insertion point.
		This means it is between, before, or after <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#character" id="ref-for-character">characters</a>, not over them.
		It should be perpendicular to the inline progression direction,
		although UAs may render it slanted when inserting italic or oblique text. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="caret-shape" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-caret-shape-block">block</dfn> 
    <dd> The UA must render the text insertion caret
		as a rectangle overlapping the next <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#visible-character" id="ref-for-visible-character">visible character</a> following the insertion point.
		If there is no <span id="ref-for-visible-character①">visible character</span> after the insertion point,
		the UA must render the caret after the last <span id="ref-for-visible-character②">visible character</span>.
		UAs may render it as a slanted rectangle when inserting italic or oblique text. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="caret-shape" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-caret-shape-underscore">underscore</dfn> 
    <dd> The UA must render the text insertion caret
		as a thin line <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under" id="ref-for-under">under</a> (as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]</a> the next <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#visible-character" id="ref-for-visible-character③">visible character</a> following the insertion point.
		If there is no <span id="ref-for-visible-character④">visible character</span> after the insertion point,
		the UA must render the caret after the last <span id="ref-for-visible-character⑤">visible character</span>. 
   </dl>
   <p>The width of the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-block" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block②">block</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-underscore" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-underscore">underscore</a> carets
should be the advance measure of the next <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#visible-character" id="ref-for-visible-character⑥">visible character</a> after the insertion point,
or <span class="css">1ch</span> if there is no next <span id="ref-for-visible-character⑦">visible character</span> or if this information is impractical to determine.</p>
   <p>When determining the orientation and appearance of the caret,
UAs must take into account the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#writing-mode" id="ref-for-writing-mode③">writing mode</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]</a> and must apply transformations <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-transforms-1">[CSS-TRANSFORMS-1]</a>.
If the edited text is laid out out on a path,
for instance by using the SVG <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/text.html#elementdef-textPath" id="ref-for-elementdef-textPath">textPath</a></code> element,
UAs should also account for this.</p>
   <p>The stacking position of the caret is left undefined, within the following constraints:</p>
   <ul>
    <li>The caret must not be obscured by the background of the element 
    <li>UAs must render <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-block" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block③">block</a> carets so that the
	character it overlaps with is not obscured by the caret 
   </ul>
   <div class="example" id="example-43c1b3bc">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-43c1b3bc"></a> This illustrates the typical appearance of the various caret shapes.
	In each of the sample renderings below,
	the insertion point is between the letters u and m. 
    <table id="caret-shape-example">
     <tbody>
      <tr>
       <th><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-shape" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-shape②">caret-shape</a> 
       <th>Sample rendering 
       <th>Your browser<br>(focus each cell to see the caret) 
      <tr>
       <td><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-bar" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-bar①">bar</a> 
       <td>Lorem ipsu<span style="border: 1px solid black; margin: 0 -1px; animation: caret-bar-ref 2s step-end infinite;">​</span>m 
       <td contenteditable="true" style>Lorem Ipsum 
      <tr>
       <td><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-block" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block④">block</a> 
       <td>Lorem ipsu<span style="background: #bbb; animation: caret-block-ref 2s step-end infinite;">m</span> 
       <td contenteditable="true" style="caret-shape: block">Lorem Ipsum 
      <tr>
       <td><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-underscore" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-underscore①">underscore</a> 
       <td>Lorem ispu<span style="border-bottom: 2px solid black; animation: caret-underscore-ref 2s step-end infinite;">m</span> 
       <td contenteditable="true" style="caret-shape: underscore">Lorem Ipsum 
    </table>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-d8ad6cba">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-d8ad6cba"></a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-underscore" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-underscore②">underscore</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-caret-shape-block" id="ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block⑤">block</a> carets are commonly used
	in terminals and command lines,
	as in this example. 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>.console </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>caret-shape</c-><c- p>:</c-> underscore<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>background</c-><c- p>:</c-> black<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>color</c-><c- p>:</c-> white<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>font-family</c-><c- p>:</c-> monospace<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>padding</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>1</c-><c- l>ex</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
    <p>The simulated rendering below illustrates how this should look.</p>
<pre style="background: black; color: white; font-family: monospace; padding: 1ex">user@host:css-ui-4 $ ls -a
. .. Overview.bs Overview.html
user@host:css-ui-4 $ <span style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;animation: terminal-caret-ref 2s step-end infinite;"> </span>
</pre>
    <p>Focus the element below to see how your browser renders it.</p>
<pre contenteditable="true" style="background: black; color: white; font-family: monospace; padding: 1ex; caret-shape: underscore;">user@host:css-ui-4 $ ls -a
. .. Overview.bs Overview.html
user@host:css-ui-4 $
</pre>
   </div>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2.3" id="caret"><span class="secno">5.2.3. </span><span class="content">Insertion caret shorthand: <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret" id="ref-for-propdef-caret">caret</a></span><a class="self-link" href="#caret"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="caret">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-caret">caret</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-color" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-color①">&lt;'caret-color'></a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any" id="ref-for-comb-any②">||</a> <a class="production" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-shape" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-shape③">&lt;'caret-shape'></a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>elements that accept input
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>yes
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
   </table>
   <p>This property is a shorthand for setting <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-color" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-color②">caret-color</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret-shape" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-shape④">caret-shape</a> in one declaration.
Omitted values are set to their initial values.</p>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3" id="keyboard"><span class="secno">5.3. </span><span class="content">Keyboard control</span><a class="self-link" href="#keyboard"></a></h3>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3.1" id="nav-dir"><span class="secno">5.3.1. </span><span class="content">Directional Focus Navigation: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-nav-up" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-up">nav-up</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-nav-right" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-right">nav-right</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-nav-down" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-down">nav-down</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-nav-left" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-left">nav-left</a> properties</span><a class="self-link" href="#nav-dir"></a></h4>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="nav-up">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-nav-up">nav-up</dfn>, <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-nav-right">nav-right</dfn>, <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-nav-down">nav-down</dfn>, <dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-nav-left">nav-left</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④④">|</a> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-id" id="ref-for-typedef-id">&lt;id></a> [ current <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑤">|</span> root <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑥">|</span> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-target-name" id="ref-for-typedef-target-name">&lt;target-name></a> ]<a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt" id="ref-for-mult-opt①">?</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>all enabled elements
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>N/A
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>as specified
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete
   </table>
   <dl>
    <dt>auto 
    <dd>The user agent automatically determines which element to navigate the focus to in response to directional navigational input. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="type" data-noexport id="typedef-id"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-id" id="ref-for-typedef-id①">&lt;id></a></dfn> 
    <dd>
      The <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-id" id="ref-for-typedef-id②">&lt;id></a> value is an ID selector <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-select">[SELECT]</a>.
		In response to directional navigation input corresponding to the property,
		the focus is navigated to the first element in tree order matching the selector. 
     <p>If this refers to the currently focused element,
		the directional navigation input respective to the nav- property is ignored —
		there is no need to refocus the same element.</p>
     <p>If no element matches the selector,
		the user agent automatically determines which element to navigate the focus to.</p>
     <p>If the focus is navigated to an element
		that was not otherwise focusable,
		it becomes focusable
		only as the result of this directional navigation,
		and the <span class="css">:focus</span> pseudo-class matches the element
		while it is focused as such.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> there were other options under consideration for such "not otherwise focusable" elements,
		including focus to the next otherwise focusable element in the document tree
		(including descendants of such a not otherwise focusable element).
		Input on such other options is welcome and explicitly solicited,
		especially from implementation experiences and author experience using the directional navigation properties in their content.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="type" data-noexport id="typedef-target-name"><a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-target-name" id="ref-for-typedef-target-name①">&lt;target-name></a></dfn> 
    <dd> The &lt;target-name> parameter indicates the target frame for the focus navigation.
		It is a <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#string-value" id="ref-for-string-value">&lt;string></a> and it MUST NOT start with the underscore "_" character.
		Error handling: if it does start with an underscore, "_parent" navigates to the parent frame,
		"_root" is treated as <span class="css">root</span>,
		and other values navigate to a frame by that name if it exists.
		If the specified target frame does not exist,
		the parameter will be treated as the keyword <span class="css">current</span>,
		which means to simply use the frame that the element is in.
		The keyword <span class="css">root</span> indicates that the user agent should target the full window. 
   </dl>
   <p>User agents for devices with directional navigation keys
respond by navigating the focus according to four respective nav-* directional navigation properties
(nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left).
This specification does not define which keys of a device are directional navigational keys.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Typical personal computers have keyboards with four arrow keys.
One possible implementation would be to use those four arrow keys for directional navigation.
For accessibility and user convenience,
user agents should allow configuration of which keys on a keyboard are used for directional navigation.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-96f917fd">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-96f917fd"></a> 
    <h5 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3.1.1" id="example-positioned-buttons"><span class="secno">5.3.1.1. </span><span class="content">Example: positioned buttons</span><a class="self-link" href="#example-positioned-buttons"></a></h5>
    <p>Here is an example of buttons positioned in a diamond shape
	whose directional focus navigation is set in such a way
	to navigate the focus clockwise (or counter-clockwise) around the diamond shape
	when the user chooses to navigate directionally.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>button </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>position</c-><c- p>:</c->absolute <c- p>}</c->

<c- f>button#b1 </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>top</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>0</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>left</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>50</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-right</c-><c- p>:</c->#b2<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-left</c-><c- p>:</c->#b4<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-down</c-><c- p>:</c->#b2<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-up</c-><c- p>:</c->#b4<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>button#b2 </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>top</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>50</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>left</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>100</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-right</c-><c- p>:</c->#b3<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-left</c-><c- p>:</c->#b1<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-down</c-><c- p>:</c->#b3<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-up</c-><c- p>:</c->#b1<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>button#b3 </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>top</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>100</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>left</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>50</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-right</c-><c- p>:</c->#b4<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-left</c-><c- p>:</c->#b2<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-down</c-><c- p>:</c->#b4<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-up</c-><c- p>:</c->#b2<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>button#b4 </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>top</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>50</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- k>left</c-><c- p>:</c-><c- m>0</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-right</c-><c- p>:</c->#b1<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-left</c-><c- p>:</c->#b3<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>nav-down</c-><c- p>:</c->#b1<c- p>;</c-> <c- k>nav-up</c-><c- p>:</c->#b3<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
    <p>Whatever markup sequence the buttons may have
	(which is not specified in this example)
	is irrelevant in this case because they are positioned, and yet,
	it is still important to ensure focus navigation behaviors which relate reasonably to the specified layout.</p>
   </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-d7e76d42">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-d7e76d42"></a> 
    <h5 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3.1.2" id="example-moving-focus-to-inside-a-frame"><span class="secno">5.3.1.2. </span><span class="content">Example: moving focus to inside a frame</span><a class="self-link" href="#example-moving-focus-to-inside-a-frame"></a></h5>
    <p>Moving the focus to an element in a specific frame requires both the element’s id and the frame’s name.</p>
    <p>This example shows how to make navigating left from the button with id "foo" move the focus to the element with id "bar" within the frame named "sidebar".</p>
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>button#foo </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>nav-left</c-><c- p>:</c-> #bar <c- s>"sidebar"</c-><c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3.2" id="input-method-editor"><span class="secno">5.3.2. </span><span class="content">Obsolete: the ime-mode property</span><a class="self-link" href="#input-method-editor"></a></h4>
   <p><span class="css">ime-mode</span> is a property somewhat implemented in some browsers,
that is problematic and officially obsoleted by this specification
and its predecessor <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a>.</p>
   <p>There is documentation of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/ime-mode">non-interoperability of these implementations.</a></p>
   <p>User agents should not support the <span class="css">ime-mode</span> property.</p>
   <p>Authors must not use the ime-mode property.</p>
   <p>Users may use the ime-mode property only for repair use-cases
where they have to work around bad sites and legacy implementations,
e.g. with a user style sheet rule like:</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-432db256">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-432db256"></a> Example: user preference 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>input[type=password] </c-><c- p>{</c->  <c- k>ime-mode</c-><c- p>:</c-> auto !important;
}
</code></pre>
   </div>
   <p>This example CSS may be placed into a user style sheet file to force password input fields to behave in a default manner.</p>
   <p>This specification deliberately does not attempt to document the functionality of legacy ime-mode implementations nor what they specifically support because it does not make sense to pursue or recommend any such path.</p>
   <div class="note" role="note">
     Note: there are several <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html5">[HTML5]</a> features which authors should use
	to provide information to user agents that allow them to provide a better input user experience: 
    <ul>
     <li>The global <code>lang</code> attribute 
     <li>The <code>inputmode</code>, <code>pattern</code>, and <code>type</code> attributes of the input element 
    </ul>
   </div>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="6" id="user-interaction"><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="content">User Interaction</span><a class="self-link" href="#user-interaction"></a></h2>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="6.1" id="content-selection"><span class="secno">6.1. </span><span class="content">Controlling content selection</span><a class="self-link" href="#content-selection"></a></h3>
   <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①">user-select</a> property enables authors to specify
which elements in the document can be selected by the user and how.
This allows for easier interactions when not
all elements are equally useful to select,
avoiding accidental selections of neighbouring content.</p>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="user-select">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-user-select">user-select</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod">auto <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one④⑦">|</a> text <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑧">|</span> none <span id="ref-for-comb-one④⑨">|</span> contain <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⓪">|</span> all
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>auto
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td>all elements, and optionally to the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-before" id="ref-for-selectordef-before①">::before</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-after" id="ref-for-selectordef-after①">::after</a> pseudo elements
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>n/a
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>not animatable
   </table>
   <p>User Agents must not apply the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select②">user-select</a> property to
the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-line" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-line">::first-line</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter" id="ref-for-selectordef-first-letter">::first-letter</a> pseudo elements.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The UA may apply this property to the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-before" id="ref-for-selectordef-before②">::before</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-after" id="ref-for-selectordef-after②">::after</a> pseudo elements.
If it does, <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto">auto</a> value maps to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value">used value</a> of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none">none</a> on these pseudos,
but other values can be specified.
This preserves the legacy behavior of generated content not being selectable or copyable,
which is appropriate when these pseudos are used for decorative purposes.
However, this property allows them to become selectable and copyable,
as the user would expect in cases where they are used to generate part of the content,
such as the issue numbers in this document. <strong class="advisement">To the extent possible,
authors should avoid using generated content
for non decorative purposes,
and should prefer including all the content in the DOM.</strong> <em>This feature is at risk.</em></p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-aa023f10"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-aa023f10"></a> if we allow user-select to change to a value other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①">none</a>,
we need to figure out what this means for copyability, and DOM APIs.</p>
   <p>When generated content in pseudo elements becomes selectable
through this mechanism,
UAs should also make this content findable through their search function.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-bb04ee05"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-bb04ee05"></a> Should it also apply to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker" id="ref-for-selectordef-marker">::marker</a>? To <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/#page-margin-boxes" id="ref-for-page-margin-boxes">page-margin boxes</a>?
Should the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①">used value</a> of <span class="css">auto</span> also be <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none②">none</a>,
or would <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-text" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-text">text</a> be more appropriate?</p>
   <p>The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value②">used value</a> is the same as the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value">computed value</a>,
except:</p>
   <ol>
    <li> on <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#editable-element" id="ref-for-editable-element">editable element</a>s
		where the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value③">used value</a> is always <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-contain" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain">contain</a> regardless of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value①">computed value</a> 
    <li> when the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value" id="ref-for-computed-value②">computed value</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto①">auto</a>,
		in which case the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value④">used value</a> one of the other values as defined below 
   </ol>
   <p>For the purpose of this specification,
an <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="editable-element">editable element</dfn> is either
an <a href="https://w3c.github.io/contentEditable/#dfn-editing-host">editing host</a> or a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#concept-fe-mutable" id="ref-for-concept-fe-mutable">mutable</a> form control with textual content,
such as <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element" id="ref-for-the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-dc6efbde"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-dc6efbde"></a> Should there be constraints
on what happens to the used value
on elements that are editable descendants of editing hosts?
The semantics are not obvious.
Maybe <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none③">none</a> should map to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-text" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-text①">text</a>,
or maybe all values should map to <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-text②">text</span>.</p>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="user-select" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-user-select-auto">auto</dfn> 
    <dd>
      The <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value⑤">used value</a> of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto②">auto</a> is determined as follows: 
     <ul>
      <li> On the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-before" id="ref-for-selectordef-before③">::before</a> and <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-after" id="ref-for-selectordef-after③">::after</a> pseudo elements,
				the used value is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none④">none</a> 
      <li> If the element is an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#editable-element" id="ref-for-editable-element①">editable element</a>,
				the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value⑥">used value</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-contain" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain①">contain</a> 
      <li> Otherwise,
				if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value⑦">used value</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select③">user-select</a> on the parent of this element is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-all" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-all">all</a>,
				the <span id="ref-for-used-value⑧">used value</span> is <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-all①">all</span> 
      <li> Otherwise,
				if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value⑨">used value</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select④">user-select</a> on the parent of this element is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑤">none</a>,
				the <span id="ref-for-used-value①⓪">used value</span> is <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑥">none</span> 
      <li> Otherwise, the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①①">used value</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-text" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-text③">text</a> 
     </ul>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This unusual combination of a non inherited property with an initial value of <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto③">auto</a> whose used value depends on the parent element
		makes it possible to create what is effectively selective inheritance.
		This was initially proposed by Microsoft in IE to introduce a behavior similar to inheritance
		except that the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-contain" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain②">contain</a> value does not inherit.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="user-select" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-user-select-text">text</dfn> 
    <dd>The element imposes no constraint on the selection. 
    <dt><dfn class="caniuse-paneled dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="user-select" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-user-select-none">none</dfn> 
    <dd>
      The UA must not allow selections to be started in this element. 
     <p>A selection started outside of this element must not end in this element.
		If the user attempts to create such a selection,
		the UA must instead end the selection range at the element boundary.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> As of the time of writing, experimental implementations do not all behave like this.
		Firefox does.
		Chrome and Safari almost do: for a selection started after the element
		and trying to go backwards into the element
		they behave as specified here,
		but for a selection started before the element
		and trying to go into the element
		they behave as if the element has <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-all" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-all②">all</a> and select it entirely.
		IE does not restrict selections started outside of the element
		from going into it at all.
		Another difference is that in Chrome and Safari,
		if the user attempts to start a selection inside a <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select⑤">user-select: none</a>,
		and to end the selection out of it,
		a selection will be created from the boundary of the element
		to the user-designated end-point.
		Firefox and Internet explorer behave as prescribed in this specification
		and do not create a selection at all.</p>
     <p>However, if this element has descendants on which the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①②">used value</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select⑥">user-select</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑦">none</a>,
		selections that start and end within these descendants are allowed.</p>
     <p>The UA must allow selections to extend across this element,
		and must exclude this element from such a selection.
		An exception is made for UAs which do not support multiple ranges per selection,
		and they may include this element.
		If the element has descendants on which the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①③">used value</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select⑦">user-select</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑧">none</a>,
		these descendants must be included in a selection extending across the element. <span class="note">This specification makes no normative requirement
		about the behavior of the clipboard.
		however, UAs are encouraged to keep the visual selection consistent
		with what would get copied to the clipboard when copying.
		Copying text that does not appear to be selected, or vice versa,
		is highly confusing to users.</span></p>
     <p>Attempting to start a selection in an element where <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select⑧">user-select</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑨">none</a>,
		such as by clicking in it or starting a drag in it,
		must not cause a pre-existing selection to become unselected or to be affected in any way.</p>
     <p>As <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select⑨">user-select</a> is a UI convenience mechanism,
		not a copy protection mechanism,
		the UA may provide an alternative way for the user
		to explicitly select the text even when <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①⓪">user-select</span> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①⓪">none</a>.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①①">none</a> is not a copy protection mechanism,
		and using it as such is ineffective:
		User Agents are allowed to provide ways to bypass it,
		it will have no effect on legacy User Agents that do not support it,
		and the user can disable it through the user style sheet or equivalent mechanisms
		on UAs that do anyway.
		Instead, <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①②">none</span> is meant to
		make it easier for the user to select the content they want,
		by letting the author disable selection on UI elements
		that are not useful to select.
		Tools such as CSS validators, linters or in-browser developer tools
		are encouraged to use heuristics
		to detect and warn against incorrect or abusive usage
		that would hamper usability
		or violate common user expectations.</p>
     <div class="note" role="note">
       Authors should be careful about not constraining the user unnecessarily.
			For example, setting <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①①">user-select: none</a> on the root element,
			and relaxing that restriction on a handful of elements the author judges useful to select can be frustrating to users: 
      <ul>
       <li data-md>
        <p>Clicking in empty areas to undo the current selection will no longer be effective</p>
       <li data-md>
        <p>The author may have overlooked some areas which should be selectable</p>
       <li data-md>
        <p>Areas may be added later to the page without remembering to make them selectable</p>
       <li data-md>
        <p>The user may want to select pieces of text other than the main content,
for instance to look them up in a dictionary or in some translation tool,
or to look for warnings and error messages in a search engine…</p>
      </ul>
      <p>Instead, a good practice is for authors is to selectively apply <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①②">user-select: none</a> to elements
			which seem likely to be accidentally selected
			when doing so would interfere with the more likely intended action.
			Accidentally leaving parts of the page that are unlikely to be interacted with selectable
			will likely cause much less frustration to users than the opposite.</p>
     </div>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="user-select" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-user-select-contain">contain</dfn> 
    <dd>
      UAs must not allow a selection which is started in this element
		to be extended outside of this element. 
     <p>A selection started outside of this element must not end in this element.
		If the user attempts to create such a selection,
		the UA must instead end the selection range at the element boundary.</p>
     <p>The UA must allow selections to extend across this element,
		and such selections must include the content of the element.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> At the time of writing, experimental implementations behave differently from eachother
		about selections started outside and selections going into the element.
		The behavior can be observed even on browsers that do not explicitly support <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-contain" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain③">contain</a> by trying to select into a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element" id="ref-for-the-textarea-element①">textarea</a></code> or a contenteditable element.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> This was initially introduced
		as an experimental feature in Internet Explorer,
		under the name <code>user-select: element</code>.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="user-select" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-user-select-all">all</dfn> 
    <dd>
      The content of the element must be selected atomically:
		If a selection would contain part of the element,
		then the selection must contain the entire element including all its descendants.
		If the element is selected
		and the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①④">used value</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①③">user-select</a> on its parent is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-all" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-all③">all</a>,
		then the parent must be included in the selection, recursively. 
     <p>If this element has descendants on which the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value" id="ref-for-used-value①⑤">used value</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①④">user-select</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-all" id="ref-for-valdef-user-select-all④">all</a> and if a selection is entirely contained in these descendants,
		then the selection is not extended to include this whole element.</p>
   </dl>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Selections can include more than just text and extend over images, tables, videos, etc.
The behavior when copying and pasting a such selections is out of scope for this specification.</p>
   <p>The following additions are made to the UA stylesheet for HTML:</p>
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>button, meter, progress, select </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>user-select</c-><c- p>:</c-> none<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-6e23a27b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-6e23a27b"></a> the list above is incomplete, and needs to include
at least the various button-like variants of <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element">input</a></code>.</p>
   <p>For compatibility with legacy content,
UAs that support <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑤">user-select</a> must also support <span class="css">-webkit-user-select</span> as an alias.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> The details of the aliasing mechanism is intentionally left up to the UA.
Making <span class="css">-webkit-user-select</span> a shorthand property of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑥">user-select</a> is known to be an effective approach,
and new implementers should consider it.
However UAs supporting <span class="css">-webkit-user-select</span> as an alias of <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑦">user-select</span> through other means exist,
without adverse consequences to compatibility,
so this specification allows flexibility.</p>
   <h2 class="heading settled" data-level="7" id="styling-widgets"><span class="secno">7. </span><span class="content">Styling Widgets</span><span id="form-styling"></span><span id="control-styling"></span><a class="self-link" href="#styling-widgets"></a></h2>
   <h3 class="heading settled caniuse-paneled" data-level="7.1" id="appearance-switching"><span class="secno">7.1. </span><span class="content">Switching appearance</span><a class="self-link" href="#appearance-switching"></a></h3>
   <table class="def propdef" data-link-for-hint="appearance">
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th>Name:
      <td><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef-appearance">appearance</dfn>
     <tr class="value">
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#value-defs">Value:</a>
      <td class="prod"><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-none" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-none">none</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤①">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto">auto</a> <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤②">|</span> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-button" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-button">button</a> <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤③">|</span> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-textfield" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-textfield">textfield</a> <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤④">|</span> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-menulist-button" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-menulist-button">menulist-button</a> <span id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⑤">|</span> <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-appearance-compat-auto" id="ref-for-typedef-appearance-compat-auto">&lt;compat-auto></a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#initial-values">Initial:</a>
      <td>none
     <tr>
      <th>Applies to:
      <td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo/#generated-content" title="Includes ::before and ::after pseudo-elements.">all elements</a>
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#inherited-property">Inherited:</a>
      <td>no
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values/#percentages">Percentages:</a>
      <td>n/a
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade/#computed">Computed value:</a>
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th>Canonical order:
      <td>per grammar
     <tr>
      <th><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations/#animation-type">Animation type:</a>
      <td>discrete
   </table>
   <p>While the way most elements in a document look can be fully controlled by CSS, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget">widgets</a> are typically rendered by UAs using native UI controls of the host operating system,
which can neither be replicated nor styled using CSS.</p>
   <p>The term <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="widget">widget</dfn> in this specification denotes elements that can have <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-export id="native-appearance">native appearance</dfn>,
meaning that they are rendered like analogous native widgets or controls of the host operating system or platform,
or with a look and feel not otherwise expressible in CSS.
It is up to the host language (e.g., HTML <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a>) to define which elements can have <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#native-appearance" id="ref-for-native-appearance">native appearance</a>.</p>
   <p>This specification introduces the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance">appearance</a> property
to provide some control over this behavior.
In particular, using <span class="css" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①">appearance: none</span> allows authors
to suppress the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#native-appearance" id="ref-for-native-appearance①">native appearance</a> of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget①">widgets</a>,
so that CSS can be used to restyle them.</p>
   <details class="note">
    <summary>Note on the history of this feature</summary>
    <p>This previously existed in prefixed form in most browsers.
	Before standardization, in addition to none,
	the possible values were a very long list of all the ways an element could look;
	each value being responsible for giving form control their specific look and feel.
	This list was different across browsers.</p>
    <p>The CSS Working Group concluded this was impractical to standardize,
	in part because many values applied to pseudo-elements that other browsers don’t have,
	as they construct form elements differently,
	and which should not be standardized,
	since the ability to make form controls look substantially different on different platforms
	should be preserved.</p>
    <p>Also, the ability to turn any arbitrary element (including any form control)
	into any (other) arbitrary form control
	is considered a misfeature.</p>
    <p>Instead, the design being specified
	is based on just having an "auto" value that makes form controls look like whatever they need,
	and a "none" value that suppresses <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#native-appearance" id="ref-for-native-appearance②">native appearance</a>.</p>
    <p>However, there is evidence that this alone is not web compatible,
	due in part to uses such as:</p>
<pre><code class="highlight"><c- f>input </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>appearance</c-><c- p>:</c-> none<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c->
<c- f>input[type=checkbox] </c-><c- p>{</c-> <c- k>appearance</c-><c- p>:</c-> checkbox<c- p>;</c-> <c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
    <p>The design specified here is a compromise between the two,
	preserving the simplicity of the <span class="css">none | auto</span> model
	while maintaining compatibility with existing content
	via a few additional keywords.</p>
    <p>The precise list of keywords needed for compatibility
	and their exact behavior
	is likely to be refined in future version of this specification
	to better handle compatibility with existing content.
	The CSS-WG welcomes relevant feedback.</p>
   </details>
   <dl>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-none">none</dfn> 
    <dd> The element is rendered following the usual rules of CSS.
		Replaced elements other than <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget②">widgets</a> are not affected by this,
		and remain replaced elements. <span id="ref-for-widget③">Widgets</span> must not have their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#native-appearance" id="ref-for-native-appearance③">native appearance</a>.
		See <a href="#appearance-decorative">§ 7.1.1 Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a> and <a href="#appearance-semantics">§ 7.1.2 Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a> for details. 
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-auto">auto</dfn> 
    <dd>
      <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget④">Widgets</a> may have their <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#native-appearance" id="ref-for-native-appearance④">native appearance</a>. 
     <p>Elements other than <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget⑤">widgets</a> must be rendered as if <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-none" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-none①">none</a> had been specified.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-button">button</dfn> 
    <dd>
      The element is rendered with the look and feel of a push button,
		similar to the <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance②">appearance: auto</a> rendering of the <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-button-element" id="ref-for-the-button-element">button</a></code> element. 
     <p>UAs must treat this value as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto①">auto</a> on <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element①">input</a></code> elements, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element" id="ref-for-the-textarea-element②">textarea</a></code> elements, <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#list-box" id="ref-for-list-box">list box</a> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element">select</a></code> elements, <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-meter-element" id="ref-for-the-meter-element">meter</a></code> elements, and <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-progress-element" id="ref-for-the-progress-element">progress</a></code> elements.</p>
     <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Using <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-button" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-button①">button</a> on a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#drop-down-box" id="ref-for-drop-down-box">drop-down box</a> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element①">select</a></code> element works.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-textfield">textfield</dfn> 
    <dd>
      For <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element②">input</a></code> elements where the <code><a data-link-type="element-sub" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#attr-input-type" id="ref-for-attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is in the Search state,
		the element is rendered as a "normal" text entry widget,
		similar to an <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element" id="ref-for-the-input-element③">input</a></code> element where the <code><a data-link-type="element-sub" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#attr-input-type" id="ref-for-attr-input-type①">type</a></code> attribute is in the Text state. 
     <p>For all other elements, this value has the same effect as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto②">auto</a>.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-menulist-button">menulist-button</dfn> 
    <dd>
      For <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#drop-down-box" id="ref-for-drop-down-box①">drop-down box</a> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element②">select</a></code> elements,
		the element is rendered as a drop-down box, including a "drop-down button",
		but not necessarily using a native control of the host operating system.
		For such elements, CSS properties such as <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#propdef-color" id="ref-for-propdef-color">color</a>, <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-color" id="ref-for-propdef-background-color">background-color</a>, and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border" id="ref-for-propdef-border">border</a> (that can be disregarded for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto③">auto</a>) should not be disregarded. 
     <p>For all other elements, this value has the same effect as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto④">auto</a>.</p>
    <dt><dfn class="dfn-paneled css" data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="type" data-export id="typedef-appearance-compat-auto">&lt;compat-auto></dfn> 
    <dd>
      These values exist for compatibility of content developed
		for earlier non standard versions of this property.
		They all have the same effect as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑤">auto</a>. 
<pre class="prod" style="white-space: normal"><a class="production" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-appearance-compat-auto" id="ref-for-typedef-appearance-compat-auto①">&lt;compat-auto></a> =  <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-searchfield">searchfield<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-searchfield"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⑥">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-textarea">textarea<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-textarea"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⑦">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-push-button">push-button<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-push-button"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⑧">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-slider-horizontal">slider-horizontal<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-slider-horizontal"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑤⑨">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-checkbox">checkbox<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-checkbox"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑥⓪">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-radio">radio<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-radio"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑥①">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-square-button">square-button<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-square-button"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑥②">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-menulist">menulist<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-menulist"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑥③">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-listbox">listbox<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-listbox"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑥④">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-meter">meter<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-meter"></a></dfn> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one" id="ref-for-comb-one⑥⑤">|</a> <dfn data-dfn-for="appearance" data-dfn-type="value" data-export id="valdef-appearance-progress-bar">progress-bar<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-appearance-progress-bar"></a></dfn></pre>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-fa64f3f3"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-fa64f3f3"></a> When <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑥">auto</a> is widely supported,
		recommend using it instead.</p>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-7a26bf03"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-7a26bf03"></a> If any of these value is not needed for web compat,
		they should be dropped from this list;
		conversely, any value needed for compat not included in this list should be added.</p>
     <p class="issue" id="issue-2c9a0ce8"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-2c9a0ce8"></a> It is possible that for compat reasons,
		some of these values need to be promoted to being full blown values
		with effects on arbitrary elements like <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-button" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-button②">button</a>,
		or that
		some of these values need to have some side effects on some <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget⑥">widgets</a>.</p>
   </dl>
   <div class="issue" id="issue-27993a83"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-27993a83"></a> The values <code>slider-vertical</code> and <code>sliderthumb-vertical</code> are supported in some user agents to change the orientation of <code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>range</c-><c- p>></c-></code> elements.
	These values are not specified because changing the orientation of this control
	is better done with a separate mechanism.
	See issue <a href="https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/4177">whatwg/html#4177</a>. </div>
   <div class="example" id="example-774b1b41">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-774b1b41"></a> An author wanting to customize the look and feel of check boxes in HTML could use the following: 
<pre><code class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>input[type=checkbox] </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>all</c-><c- p>:</c-> unset<c- p>;</c-> <c- c>/* this shorthand includes resetting appearance to none */</c->
  <c- k>width</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>1</c-><c- l>em</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>height</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>1</c-><c- l>em</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>display</c-><c- p>:</c-> inline-block<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>background</c-><c- p>:</c-> red<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- f>input[type=checkbox]:checked </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>border-radius</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>50</c-><c- l>%</c-><c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>background</c-><c- p>:</c-> green<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
<c- f>input[type=checkbox]:focus-visible </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>outline</c-><c- p>:</c-> auto<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</code></pre>
    <p><code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"checkbox"</c-><c- p>></c-></code> would be rendered as <span style="display: inline-block; width: 1em; height: 1em; background: red;"></span>,
	while <code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>"checkbox"</c-> <c- e>checked</c-><c- p>></c-></code> would be rendered as <span style="display: inline-block; width: 1em; height: 1em; background: green; border-radius: 50%;"></span>,
	and activating (for example by clicking) the element would toggle the state as usual.</p>
   </div>
   <p>On <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget⑦">widgets</a> where the computed value is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑦">auto</a> or one of the <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="#typedef-appearance-compat-auto" id="ref-for-typedef-appearance-compat-auto②">&lt;compat-auto></a> values,
and on any element where the computed value is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-button" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-button③">button</a>,
UAs may disregard some CSS properties
to ensure that the intended appearance is preserved,
or because these properties may not be meaningful for the chosen appearance.
However, the following properties must not be disregarded:</p>
   <ul>
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance③">appearance</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display" id="ref-for-propdef-display②">display</a> (the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inner-display-type" id="ref-for-inner-display-type">inner display type</a> may be ignored) 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visufx.html#propdef-visibility" id="ref-for-propdef-visibility①">visibility</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-position" id="ref-for-propdef-position">position</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-top" id="ref-for-propdef-top">top</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-right" id="ref-for-propdef-right①">right</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-bottom" id="ref-for-propdef-bottom①">bottom</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-left" id="ref-for-propdef-left">left</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float" id="ref-for-propdef-float">float</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear" id="ref-for-propdef-clear">clear</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#propdef-margin" id="ref-for-propdef-margin">margin</a> and related long-hand properties 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-unicode-bidi" id="ref-for-propdef-unicode-bidi">unicode-bidi</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction" id="ref-for-propdef-direction">direction</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor⑤">cursor</a> 
    <li><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-z-index" id="ref-for-propdef-z-index">z-index</a> 
   </ul>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-fb44c590"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-fb44c590"></a> Are there more properties should include in this list?
Should we remove some?
Should whitelist the properties that are ok to ignore instead of
blacklisting those that are not?
Either way, UAs do ignore some properties when rendering <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget⑧">widgets</a>,
so this specification needs to say something about this.</p>
   <p>For compatibility with legacy content, UAs must also support <dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export id="propdef--webkit-appearance">-webkit-appearance<a class="self-link" href="#propdef--webkit-appearance"></a></dfn> as a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#legacy-name-alias" id="ref-for-legacy-name-alias">legacy name alias</a> of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance④">appearance</a>.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="7.1.1" id="appearance-decorative"><span class="secno">7.1.1. </span><span class="content"> Effects of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance⑤">appearance</a> on Decorative Aspects of Elements</span><a class="self-link" href="#appearance-decorative"></a></h4>
   <p>All decorative visual aspects of a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget⑨">widget</a> which are not caused by a CSS style rule
must be suppressed when the appearance is changed using <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance⑥">appearance</a>,
even if the UA’s internal representation for this element
was composed of multiple elements or pseudo elements combined together.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-65579938"><a class="self-link" href="#example-65579938"></a> For example, the <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a> <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element③">select</a></code> element is often rendered with an arrow on the right side
	indicating that the list will be expanded if the element is clicked.
	If the computed value of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance⑦">appearance</a> on a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element④">select</a></code> element is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-none" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-none②">none</a> or <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-button" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-button④">button</a>,
	this must disappear. </div>
   <p>UAs should include in their User Agent stylesheet style rules
to give <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget①⓪">widgets</a> a recognizable shape when <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance⑧">appearance</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-none" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-none③">none</a>.</p>
   <p class="note" role="note"><span>Note:</span> Authors may therefore need to override these UA style rules to get the styling
they intended.</p>
   <div class="advisement"> Authors may find it convenient to use <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#propdef-all" id="ref-for-propdef-all">all: unset</a>,
	to get fully unstyled <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget①①">widgets</a> which they can then style as they want without interference from the browser’s UA stylesheet.
	However, this also suppresses the focus indicators provided by the same UA stylesheet.
	In order avoid damaging accessibility,
	authors who do so should restore a focus indicator,
	for instance by using <span class="css">:focus-visible { outline: auto; }</span>. </div>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="7.1.2" id="appearance-semantics"><span class="secno">7.1.2. </span><span class="content"> Effects of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance⑨">appearance</a> on Semantic Aspects of Elements</span><a class="self-link" href="#appearance-semantics"></a></h4>
   <p>UAs must preserve aspects of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget" id="ref-for-widget①②">widget</a> which are necessary to operate the <span id="ref-for-widget①③">widget</span> with its original semantics.
The UA may however give them a different look and feel
as long as it remains possible to operate the <span id="ref-for-widget①④">widget</span>.
Aspects of a <span id="ref-for-widget①⑤">widget</span> which are merely needed to observe the state the <span id="ref-for-widget①⑥">widget</span> is in
and are not needed to operate it
should be suppressed as well
when the same information can be conveyed using ordinary CSS.
Document languages should specify
for each <span id="ref-for-widget①⑦">widget</span> that they define
what needs to be preserved.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-0abef2f6">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-0abef2f6"></a> For example,
	the slider of an <code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>range</c-><c- p>></c-></code> is preserved
	(or replaced by an equivalent mechanism)
	even if <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①⓪">appearance</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-none" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-none④">none</a>,
	as it would otherwise not be possible to change the value of the range with the mouse or touchscreen. 
    <p>On the other hand,
	the check mark in an <code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>checkbox</c-> <c- e>checked</c-><c- p>></c-></code> must be suppressed,
	as it merely indicates the state the element is in,
	which can be styled in different ways using the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#checked-pseudo" id="ref-for-checked-pseudo">:checked</a> selector.</p>
   </div>
   <p>The behavior and semantics of elements remain defined by the document language,
and are not influenced by this property.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-9dc58b5f">
    <a class="self-link" href="#example-9dc58b5f"></a> For example, regardless of the computed value of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①①">appearance</a>: 
    <ul>
     <li> Elements which can be in different states keep this ability,
			and the relevant pseudo-classes match as usual. 
     <li> If a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element" id="ref-for-the-select-element⑤">select</a></code> element is activated,
				the UI to choose one of the associated <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-option-element" id="ref-for-the-option-element">option</a></code> elements is shown
				(although it may look different). 
     <li> Event handlers attached to the element trigger as usual. 
    </ul>
   </div>
   <p>Conversely, changing the appearance of an element must not cause it
to acquire the semantics, pseudo classes, event handlers, etc,
that are typical of the element whose appearance it acquires.</p>
   <div class="example" id="example-84da96a5"><a class="self-link" href="#example-84da96a5"></a> For example, neither <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#enabled-pseudo" id="ref-for-enabled-pseudo">:enabled</a> nor <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#disabled-pseudo" id="ref-for-disabled-pseudo">:disabled</a> match on
	a <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-div-element" id="ref-for-the-div-element">div</a></code> styled with <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①②">appearance: button</a>.
	The ability for an element to be focused
	is also not changed by the <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①③">appearance</span> property. </div>
   <h3 class="heading settled" data-level="7.2" id="control-specific-rules"><span class="secno">7.2. </span><span class="content"> Control Specific Rules</span><a class="self-link" href="#control-specific-rules"></a></h3>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-ed30fc66"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-ed30fc66"></a> Maybe some or all of this section
should be moved to the <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a> spec
at some point.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-a6172891"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-a6172891"></a> On some elements, setting some properties inhibits <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①④">appearance: auto</a>.
For instance, even if <span class="property" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑤">appearance</span> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑧">auto</a>,
buttons lose their native appearance when a <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border" id="ref-for-propdef-border①">border</a> is set.
This is not in contradiction with the definition of <span class="css" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑨">auto</span>,
since <span class="css" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑥">appearance: auto</span> only means
UAs <em>may</em> use a native appearance,
but for greater interoperability,
it would be good to document
which properties on which elements
have this effect.</p>
   <p class="issue" id="issue-b9172b39"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-b9172b39"></a> Documenting what UAs need to put in their UA stylesheet would be good.</p>
   <h4 class="heading settled" data-level="7.2.1" id="input-rules"><span class="secno">7.2.1. </span><span class="content"> Single-Line Text Input Controls</span><a class="self-link" href="#input-rules"></a></h4>
   <p>When <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑦">appearance</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto" id="ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto①⓪">auto</a>,
single-line text input controls
such as <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a> <code class="highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>text</c-><c- p>></c-></code> must be rendered so that:</p>
   <ul>
    <li data-md>
     <p>The content is clipped in the inline direction to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-edge" id="ref-for-content-edge">content edge</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>The content is clipped in the block direction to the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding-edge" id="ref-for-padding-edge">padding edge</a></p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>The content is vertically centered</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>The content does not wrap</p>
    <li data-md>
     <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-4/#propdef-text-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-text-overflow①">text-overflow</a> property applies regardless of the value of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#propdef-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-overflow④">overflow</a> property</p>
   </ul>
   <hr title="Separator from footer">
   <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="acknowledgments"><span class="content">Appendix A. Acknowledgments</span><a class="self-link" href="#acknowledgments"></a></h2>
   <p>This appendix is <em>informative</em>.</p>
   <p>This specification builds upon <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a>,
which was edited and written for the most part
by Tantek Çelik from 1999 to the present,
first while representing Microsoft, then as an Invited Expert,
and most recently while representing Mozilla.</p>
   <p>Thanks to feedback and contributions from <span class="h-card">Rossen Atanassov</span>, <span class="h-card">Tab Atkins</span>, <span class="h-card">L. David Baron</span>, <span class="h-card">Bert Bos</span>, <span class="h-card">Matthew Brealey</span>, <span class="h-card">Rick Byers</span>, <span class="h-card">Ada Chan</span>, <span class="h-card">James Craig</span>, <span class="h-card">Michael Cooper</span>, <span class="h-card">Axel Dahmen</span>, <span class="h-card">Michael Day</span>, <span class="h-card">Micah Dubinko</span>, <span class="h-card">Elika E.</span>, <span class="h-card">Steve Falkenburg</span>, <span class="h-card">Andrew Fedoniouk</span>, <span class="h-card">Al Gilman</span>, <span class="h-card">Ian Hickson</span>, <span class="h-card">Bjoern Hoehrmann</span>, <span class="h-card">Alan Hogan</span>, <span class="h-card">David Hyatt</span>, <span class="h-card">Richard Ishida</span>, <span class="h-card">Sho Kuwamoto</span>, <span class="h-card">Yves Lafon</span>, <span class="h-card">Stuart Langridge</span>, <span class="h-card">Susan Lesch</span>, <span class="h-card">Peter Linss</span>, <span class="h-card">Kang-Hao Lu</span>, <span class="h-card">Masayuki Nakano</span>, <span class="h-card">Mats Palmgren</span>, <span class="h-card">Brad Pettit</span>, <span class="h-card">Chris Rebert</span>, <span class="h-card">François Remy</span>, <span class="h-card">Andrey Rybka</span>, <span class="h-card">Simon Sapin</span>, <span class="h-card">Alexander Savenkov</span>, <span class="h-card">Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer</span>, <span class="h-card">Lea Verou</span>, <span class="h-card">Etan Wexler</span>, <span class="h-card">David Woolley</span>, <span class="h-card">Frank Yan</span>, <span class="h-card">Boris Zbarsky</span>,
and <span class="h-card">Domel</span>.</p>
   <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes"><span class="content">Appendix B. Changes</span><a class="self-link" href="#changes"></a></h2>
   <p>This appendix is <em>informative</em>.</p>
   <h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes-22-12-2017"><span class="content">Changes from the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-css-ui-4-20171222/">22 December 2017 Working Draft</a></span><a class="self-link" href="#changes-22-12-2017"></a></h3>
   <p>In addition to a number of editorial adjustments,
the following normative changes have been made:</p>
   <ul>
    <li>Added details about form control specific rendering rules 
    <li>Clarify interaction between text-overflow and annonymous block containers 
    <li>Require the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-pointer" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-pointer①">pointer</a> cursor for hyperlinks in all document formats 
    <li>Moved the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing" id="ref-for-propdef-box-sizing①">box-sizing</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-4/#propdef-text-overflow" id="ref-for-propdef-text-overflow②">text-overflow</a> properties to <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-sizing-3">[CSS-SIZING-3]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-overflow-4">[CSS-OVERFLOW-4]</a> respectively. 
    <li>Changed the requirement that the <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-cursor-text" id="ref-for-valdef-cursor-text③">text</a> cursor matches the writing mode from MAY to MUST 
    <li>The definition of the appearance property has been significantly reworked to make the design compatible with existing web content 
    <li>The logic that mapped <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑧">user-select: auto</a> to various values at computed value time has been changed to used value time 
    <li>Clarify Author requirements on the <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor⑥">cursor: pointer</a> value 
   </ul>
   <h3 class="no-num heading settled" id="changes-22-09-2015"><span class="content">Changes from the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-css-ui-4-20150922/">22 Sep 2015 First Public Working Draft</a></span><a class="self-link" href="#changes-22-09-2015"></a></h3>
   <p>In addition to a number of editorial adjustments,
the following normative changes have been made:</p>
   <ul>
    <li> The caret-animation property have been removed.
		It may be reintroduced later given sufficient evidence for use cases. 
    <li> The <span class="css">resize</span> property now also applies to
		replaced elements representing images or videos,
		and to iframes. 
    <li> The string values and dual values of the text-overflow property were moved to this specification from level 3. 
    <li> Move directional focus navigation properties from level 3 to level 4 
    <li> Content from the now stable <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]</a> has been merged in. 
   </ul>
   <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="security-privacy-considerations"><span class="content">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</span><a class="self-link" href="#security-privacy-considerations"></a></h2>
   <p>This appendix is <em>informative</em>.</p>
   <p>The W3C TAG is developing a <a href="https://w3ctag.github.io/security-questionnaire/">Self-Review Questionnaire: Security and Privacy</a> for editors of specifications to informatively answer.</p>
   <p>Per the <a href="https://w3ctag.github.io/security-questionnaire/#questions">Questions to Consider</a></p>
   <dl>
    <dt>Does this specification deal with personally-identifiable information? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification deal with high-value data? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification introduce new state for an origin that persists across browsing sessions? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification expose persistent, cross-origin state to the web? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification expose any other data to an origin that it doesn’t currently have access to? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification enable new script execution/loading mechanisms? 
    <dd>
      Yes to loading, but not to execution. 
     <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor⑦">cursor</a> property accepts <a class="production css" data-link-type="type" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image" id="ref-for-typedef-image④">&lt;image></a> values which may include URLs to be loaded.
		These may be SVG documents which may contain scripts,
		but this specification requires that scripts must not be run.</p>
    <dt>Does this specification allow an origin access to a user’s location? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification allow an origin access to sensors on a user’s device? 
    <dd>
      Yes. 
     <p>The directional focus navigation properties indirectly allow access to the device’s keyboard navigation input mechanism such as arrow keys.</p>
    <dt>Does this specification allow an origin access to aspects of a user’s local computing environment? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification allow an origin access to other devices? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification allow an origin some measure of control over a user agent’s native UI? 
    <dd>
      Yes. 
     <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor⑧">cursor</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-caret" id="ref-for-propdef-caret①">caret</a> property and <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand" id="ref-for-longhand">sub-properties</a> enable the page to change the display of the cursor and text insertion caret of the user agent’s native UI.
		In addition the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline-style" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-style④">outline-style</a> property’s <span class="css">auto</span> value
		(and thus <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-outline" id="ref-for-propdef-outline②">outline</a> shorthand)
		enable the page to potentially display a native focused element outline presentation around any element.</p>
     <p>The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑧">appearance</a> property also allows author to turn off native styling and replace it with css based styling.</p>
    <dt>Does this specification expose temporary identifiers to the web? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification distinguish between behavior in first-party and third-party contexts? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>How should this specification work in the context of a user agent’s "incognito" mode? 
    <dd>No differently. 
    <dt>Does this specification persist data to a user’s local device? 
    <dd>No. 
    <dt>Does this specification have a "Security Considerations" and "Privacy Considerations" section? 
    <dd>Yes. 
    <dt>Does this specification allow downgrading default security characteristics? 
    <dd>
     No. 
     <h2 class="no-num heading settled" id="default-style-sheet"><span class="content">Appendix D. Default style sheet additions for HTML</span><a class="self-link" href="#default-style-sheet"></a></h2>
     <p>This appendix is <em>informative</em>.</p>
     <p>Potential additions to the base style sheet to express HTML form controls, and a few dynamic presentation attributes:</p>
<pre class="lang-css highlight"><c- f>:enabled:focus </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>outline</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- m>2</c-><c- l>px</c-> inset<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>button,</c->
<c- f>input[type=button],</c->
<c- f>input[type=reset],</c->
<c- f>input[type=submit],</c->
<c- f>input[type=checkbox],</c->
<c- f>input[type=radio],</c->
<c- f>textarea,</c->
<c- f>input,</c->
<c- f>input[type=text],</c->
<c- f>input[type=password],</c->
<c- f>input[type=image] </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>display</c-><c- p>:</c-> inline-block<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>input[type=button],</c->
<c- f>input[type=reset],</c->
<c- f>input[type=submit],</c->
<c- f>input[type=checkbox],</c->
<c- f>input[type=radio],</c->
<c- f>input,</c->
<c- f>input[type=text],</c->
<c- f>input[type=password],</c->
<c- f>input[type=image] </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- k>white-space</c-><c- p>:</c-> nowrap<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>button </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- c>/* white space handling of BUTTON tags in particular */</c->
  <c- k>white-space</c-><c- p>:</c->normal<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>input[type=reset]:lang(en) </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- c>/* default content of HTML input type=reset button, per language */</c->
  <c- k>content</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- s>"Reset"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>input[type=submit]:lang(en) </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- c>/* default content of HTML input type=submit button, per language */</c->
  <c- k>content</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- s>"Submit"</c-><c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- c>/* UAs should use language-specific Reset/Submit rules for others. */</c->

<c- f>input[type=button],</c->
<c- f>input[type=reset][value],</c->
<c- f>input[type=submit][value] </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- c>/* text content/labels of HTML "input" buttons */</c->
  <c- k>content</c-><c- p>:</c-> <c- nf>attr</c-><c- p>(</c->value<c- p>);</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>textarea </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- c>/* white space handling of TEXTAREA tags in particular */</c->
  <c- k>white-space</c-><c- p>:</c->pre-wrap<c- p>;</c->
  <c- k>resize</c-><c- p>:</c-> both<c- p>;</c->
<c- p>}</c->

<c- f>input[type=hidden] </c-><c- p>{</c->
  <c- c>/* appearance of the HTML hidden text field in particular */</c->
  <c- k>display</c-><c- p>:</c-> none !important;
}

input[type=image] {
  content: attr(src,url);
  border: none;
}

select[size] {
  /* HTML4/XHTML1 &lt;select> w/ size more than 1 - appearance of list */
  display: inline-block;
  height: attr(size,em);
}

select,select[size=1] {
  /* HTML4/XHTML1 &lt;select> without size, or size=1 - popup-menu */
  display: inline-block;
  height: 1em;
  overflow: hidden;
}

select[size]:active {
  /* active HTML &lt;select> w/ size more than 1 - appearance of active list */
  display: inline-block;
}

optgroup, option {
  display: block;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

optgroup[label],option[label] {
  content: attr(label);
}

option[selected]::before {
  display: inline;
  content: check;
}

/* Though FRAME resizing is not directly addressed by this specification,
   the following rules may provide an approximation of reasonable behavior. */

/*

frame { resize:both }
frame[noresize] { resize:none }

*/
</pre>
   </dl>
  </main>
  <h2 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="conformance"><span class="content"> Conformance</span><a class="self-link" href="#conformance"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="heading settled" id="document-conventions"><span class="content"> Document conventions</span><a class="self-link" href="#document-conventions"></a></h3>
  <p>Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of
	descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”,
	“MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”,
	“RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the normative parts of this
	document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
	However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase
	letters in this specification. </p>
  <p>All of the text of this specification is normative except sections
	explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rfc2119">[RFC2119]</a> </p>
  <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example”
	or are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="example"</code>,
	like this: </p>
  <div class="example" id="example-ae2b6bc0">
   <a class="self-link" href="#example-ae2b6bc0"></a> 
   <p>This is an example of an informative example. </p>
  </div>
  <p>Informative notes begin with the word “Note” and are set apart from the
	normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this: </p>
  <p class="note" role="note">Note, this is an informative note. </p>
  <p>Advisements are normative sections styled to evoke special attention and are
	set apart from other normative text with <code>&lt;strong class="advisement"></code>, like
	this: <strong class="advisement"> UAs MUST provide an accessible alternative. </strong> </p>
  <h3 class="heading settled" id="conform-classes"><span class="content"> Conformance classes</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-classes"></a></h3>
  <p>Conformance to this specification
	is defined for three conformance classes: </p>
  <dl>
   <dt>style sheet 
   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#style-sheet">CSS
			style sheet</a>. 
   <dt>renderer 
   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a> that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders
			documents that use them. 
   <dt>authoring tool 
   <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a> that writes a style sheet. 
  </dl>
  <p>A style sheet is conformant to this specification
	if all of its statements that use syntax defined in this module are valid
	according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each
	feature defined in this module. </p>
  <p>A renderer is conformant to this specification
	if, in addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the
	appropriate specifications, it supports all the features defined
	by this specification by parsing them correctly
	and rendering the document accordingly. However, the inability of a
	UA to correctly render a document due to limitations of the device
	does not make the UA non-conformant. (For example, a UA is not
	required to render color on a monochrome monitor.) </p>
  <p>An authoring tool is conformant to this specification
	if it writes style sheets that are syntactically correct according to the
	generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature in
	this module, and meet all other conformance requirements of style sheets
	as described in this module. </p>
  <h3 class="heading settled" id="conform-responsible"><span class="content"> Requirements for Responsible Implementation of CSS</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-responsible"></a></h3>
  <p>The following sections define several conformance requirements
		for implementing CSS responsibly,
		in a way that promotes interoperability in the present and future. </p>
  <h4 class="heading settled" id="conform-partial"><span class="content"> Partial Implementations</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-partial"></a></h4>
  <p>So that authors can exploit the forward-compatible parsing rules to assign fallback values, <strong>CSS renderers <em>must</em> treat as invalid
		(and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/conform.html#ignore">ignore as appropriate</a>)
		any at-rules, properties, property values, keywords, and other syntactic constructs
		for which they have no usable level of support</strong>.
		In particular, user agents <em>must not</em> selectively ignore
		unsupported property values and honor supported values in a single multi-value property declaration:
		if any value is considered invalid (as unsupported values must be),
		CSS requires that the entire declaration be ignored. </p>
  <h4 class="heading settled" id="conform-future-proofing"><span class="content"> Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-future-proofing"></a></h4>
  <p>To avoid clashes with future stable CSS features,
		the CSSWG recommends <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#future-proofing">following best practices</a> for the implementation of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#unstable">unstable</a> features and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#proprietary-extension">proprietary extensions</a> to CSS. </p>
  <h4 class="heading settled" id="conform-testing"><span class="content"> Implementations of CR-level Features</span><a class="self-link" href="#conform-testing"></a></h4>
  <p>Once a specification reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage,
		implementers should release an <a data-link-type="dfn" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#vendor-prefix">unprefixed</a> implementation
		of any CR-level feature they can demonstrate
		to be correctly implemented according to spec,
		and should avoid exposing a prefixed variant of that feature. </p>
  <p>To establish and maintain the interoperability of CSS across
		implementations, the CSS Working Group requests that non-experimental
		CSS renderers submit an implementation report (and, if necessary, the
		testcases used for that implementation report) to the W3C before
		releasing an unprefixed implementation of any CSS features. Testcases
		submitted to W3C are subject to review and correction by the CSS
		Working Group. </p>
  <p>
   Further information on submitting testcases and implementation reports
		can be found from on the CSS Working Group’s website at <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/</a>.
		Questions should be directed to the <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-testsuite">public-css-testsuite@w3.org</a> mailing list. 
<script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2016/fixup.js"></script>
  </p>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="text-overflow">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>2.1+</span></span><span class="baidu yes"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>7.12+</span></span><span class="bb yes"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>7+</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>12+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>7+</span></span><span class="and_ff yes"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>66+</span></span><span class="ie yes"><span>IE</span><span>6+</span></span><span class="ie_mob yes"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>10+</span></span><span class="kaios yes"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>2.5+</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>11+</span></span><span class="op_mini yes"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>All</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>12.1+</span></span><span class="and_qq yes"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>1.2+</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>3.1+</span></span><span class="samsung yes"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="and_uc yes"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>11.8+</span></span><span class="ios_saf yes"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>3.2+</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=text-overflow">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="outline-props">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>2.1+</span></span><span class="baidu yes"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>7.12+</span></span><span class="bb yes"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>7+</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>15+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>2+</span></span><span class="and_ff yes"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>66+</span></span><span class="ie partial"><span><span>IE (limited)</span></span><span>8+</span></span><span class="ie_mob partial"><span><span>IE Mobile (limited)</span></span><span>10+</span></span><span class="kaios yes"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>2.5+</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>11.6+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>12+</span></span><span class="and_qq yes"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>1.2+</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>3.1+</span></span><span class="samsung yes"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="and_uc yes"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>11.8+</span></span><span class="ios_saf yes"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>3.2+</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=outline">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="resize">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>67+</span></span><span class="baidu yes"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>7.12+</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>75+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>5+</span></span><span class="and_ff yes"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>66+</span></span><span class="ie no"><span>IE</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie_mob no"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>15+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>46+</span></span><span class="and_qq yes"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>1.2+</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="samsung yes"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>5.0+</span></span><span class="and_uc yes"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>11.8+</span></span><span class="ios_saf no"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>None</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-resize">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="cursor">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>67+</span></span><span class="baidu no"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>5+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>14+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>4+</span></span><span class="and_ff no"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie yes"><span>IE</span><span>9+</span></span><span class="ie_mob no"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>15+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>46+</span></span><span class="and_qq no"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>5+</span></span><span class="samsung no"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_uc no"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ios_saf no"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>None</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css3-cursors">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="cursor-grab">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>67+</span></span><span class="baidu no"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>68+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>15+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>27+</span></span><span class="and_ff no"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie no"><span>IE</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie_mob no"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>55+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob no"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_qq no"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>11+</span></span><span class="samsung no"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_uc no"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ios_saf no"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>None</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css3-cursors-grab">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="zooming-cursors">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>67+</span></span><span class="baidu no"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>37+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>12+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>24+</span></span><span class="and_ff no"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie no"><span>IE</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie_mob no"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>24+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>46+</span></span><span class="and_qq no"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>9+</span></span><span class="samsung no"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_uc no"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ios_saf no"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>None</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css3-cursors-newer">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="caret-color">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>67+</span></span><span class="baidu no"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>57+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>75+</span></span><span class="firefox yes"><span>Firefox</span><span>53+</span></span><span class="and_ff yes"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>66+</span></span><span class="ie no"><span>IE</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie_mob no"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>44+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>46+</span></span><span class="and_qq no"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="safari yes"><span>Safari</span><span>11.1+</span></span><span class="samsung yes"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>7.2+</span></span><span class="and_uc yes"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>11.8+</span></span><span class="ios_saf yes"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>11.3+</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-caret-color">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="valdef-user-select-none">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android yes"><span>Android Browser</span><span>67+</span></span><span class="baidu no"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome yes"><span>Chrome</span><span>54+</span></span><span class="and_chr yes"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>74+</span></span><span class="edge yes"><span>Edge</span><span>75+</span></span><span class="firefox no"><span>Firefox</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_ff no"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie no"><span>IE</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie_mob no"><span>IE Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera yes"><span>Opera</span><span>41+</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob yes"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>46+</span></span><span class="and_qq no"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="safari no"><span>Safari</span><span>None</span></span><span class="samsung no"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_uc no"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ios_saf no"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>None</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=user-select-none">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <aside class="caniuse-status" data-deco data-dfn-id="appearance-switching">
   <input class="caniuse-panel-btn" type="button" value="⋰">
   <p class="support"><b>Support:</b><span class="android no"><span>Android Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="baidu no"><span>Baidu Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="bb no"><span>Blackberry Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="chrome no"><span>Chrome</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_chr no"><span>Chrome for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="edge no"><span>Edge</span><span>None</span></span><span class="firefox no"><span>Firefox</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_ff no"><span>Firefox for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie no"><span>IE</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ie_mob partial"><span><span>IE Mobile (limited)</span></span><span>11+</span></span><span class="kaios no"><span>KaiOS Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="opera no"><span>Opera</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mini no"><span>Opera Mini</span><span>None</span></span><span class="op_mob no"><span>Opera Mobile</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_qq no"><span>QQ Browser</span><span>None</span></span><span class="safari no"><span>Safari</span><span>None</span></span><span class="samsung no"><span>Samsung Internet</span><span>None</span></span><span class="and_uc no"><span>UC Browser for Android</span><span>None</span></span><span class="ios_saf no"><span>iOS Safari</span><span>None</span></span></p>
   <p class="caniuse">Source: <a href="https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-appearance">caniuse.com</a> as of 2019-06-04</p>
  </aside>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index"><span class="content">Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#index"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-here"><span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-here"></a></h3>
  <ul class="index">
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-alias">alias</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-user-select-all">all</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-all-scroll">all-scroll</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-appearance">appearance</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li>
    auto
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-auto">value for appearance</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-auto">value for caret-shape</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-auto">value for cursor</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-user-select-auto">value for user-select</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-bar">bar</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-block">block</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-button">button</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-caret">caret</a><span>, in §5.2.3</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-caret-color">caret-color</a><span>, in §5.2.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-caret-shape">caret-shape</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-cell">cell</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#character">character</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-checkbox">checkbox</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-col-resize">col-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#typedef-appearance-compat-auto">&lt;compat-auto></a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-user-select-contain">contain</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-context-menu">context-menu</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-copy">copy</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-crosshair">crosshair</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-cursor">cursor</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-default">default</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#editable-element">editable element</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-e-resize">e-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-ew-resize">ew-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-grab">grab</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-grabbing">grabbing</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-help">help</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#typedef-id">&lt;id></a><span>, in §5.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-outline-color-invert">invert</a><span>, in §3.4</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-listbox">listbox</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-menulist">menulist</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-menulist-button">menulist-button</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-meter">meter</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-move">move</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#native-appearance">native appearance</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-nav-down">nav-down</a><span>, in §5.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-nav-left">nav-left</a><span>, in §5.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-nav-right">nav-right</a><span>, in §5.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-nav-up">nav-up</a><span>, in §5.3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-ne-resize">ne-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-nesw-resize">nesw-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-no-drop">no-drop</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li>
    none
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-none">value for appearance</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-none">value for cursor</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-user-select-none">value for user-select</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-not-allowed">not-allowed</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-n-resize">n-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-ns-resize">ns-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-nw-resize">nw-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-nwse-resize">nwse-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-outline">outline</a><span>, in §3.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-outline-color">outline-color</a><span>, in §3.4</span>
   <li><a href="#typedef-outline-line-style">&lt;outline-line-style></a><span>, in §3.4</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-outline-offset">outline-offset</a><span>, in §3.5</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-outline-style">outline-style</a><span>, in §3.3</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-outline-width">outline-width</a><span>, in §3.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-pointer">pointer</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-progress">progress</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-progress-bar">progress-bar</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-push-button">push-button</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-radio">radio</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-resize">resize</a><span>, in §4.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-row-resize">row-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-searchfield">searchfield</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-se-resize">se-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-slider-horizontal">slider-horizontal</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-square-button">square-button</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-s-resize">s-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-sw-resize">sw-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#typedef-target-name">&lt;target-name></a><span>, in §5.3.1</span>
   <li>
    text
    <ul>
     <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-text">value for cursor</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
     <li><a href="#valdef-user-select-text">value for user-select</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
    </ul>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-textarea">textarea</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-appearance-textfield">textfield</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-underscore">underscore</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef-user-select">user-select</a><span>, in §6.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-vertical-text">vertical-text</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#visible-character">visible character</a><span>, in §5.2.2</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-wait">wait</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#propdef--webkit-appearance">-webkit-appearance</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#widget">widget</a><span>, in §7.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-w-resize">w-resize</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-zoom-in">zoom-in</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
   <li><a href="#valdef-cursor-zoom-out">zoom-out</a><span>, in §5.1.1</span>
  </ul>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-typedef-line-style">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#typedef-line-style">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#typedef-line-style</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-line-style">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-typedef-line-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#typedef-line-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#typedef-line-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-line-width">3.2. Outline Thickness: the outline-width property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-background-color">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-color">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-color</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-background-color">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-background-image">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-image">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-background-image</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-background-image">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-background-image①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-border">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-border">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-border①">7.2. 
Control Specific Rules</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-border-radius">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-radius">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-radius</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-border-radius">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-border-radius①">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-border-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-border-width">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-line-style-none">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#valdef-line-style-none">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#valdef-line-style-none</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-line-style-none">3.2. Outline Thickness: the outline-width property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-border-edge">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#border-edge</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-border-edge">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-border-edge①">3.5. Offsetting the Outline: the outline-offset property</a> <a href="#ref-for-border-edge②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-border-edge③">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-border-edge④">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-border-edge⑤">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-content-edge">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-edge">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#content-edge</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-content-edge">7.2.1. 
Single-Line Text Input Controls</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-margin">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#propdef-margin">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#propdef-margin</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-margin">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-padding-edge">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding-edge">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-box-3/#padding-edge</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-padding-edge">7.2.1. 
Single-Line Text Input Controls</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-bang-important">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#bang-important">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#bang-important</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-bang-important">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-all">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#propdef-all">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#propdef-all</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-all">7.1.1. 
Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-computed-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#computed-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-computed-value">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-computed-value①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-computed-value②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-legacy-name-alias">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#legacy-name-alias">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#legacy-name-alias</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-legacy-name-alias">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-longhand">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#longhand</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-longhand">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-used-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-used-value">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value⑦">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value⑧">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value⑨">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①⓪">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①①">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①②">(13)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①③">(14)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①④">(15)</a> <a href="#ref-for-used-value①⑤">(16)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-cascade-origin-ua">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#cascade-origin-ua">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#cascade-origin-ua</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-cascade-origin-ua">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valuea-def-color">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-3/#valuea-def-color</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valuea-def-color">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valuea-def-color①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valuea-def-color②">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valuea-def-color③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valuea-def-color④">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-color">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#propdef-color">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#propdef-color</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-color">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-color-currentcolor">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#valdef-color-currentcolor">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/#valdef-color-currentcolor</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-color-currentcolor">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-color-currentcolor①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-display">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#propdef-display</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-display">5.1.1.1. Cursor of the canvas</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-display①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-display②">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-inner-display-type">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inner-display-type">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display-3/#inner-display-type</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-inner-display-type">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-overflow">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#propdef-overflow">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#propdef-overflow</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-overflow">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-overflow①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-overflow②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-overflow③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-overflow④">7.2.1. 
Single-Line Text Input Controls</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-overflow-visible">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#valdef-overflow-visible">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-3/#valdef-overflow-visible</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-overflow-visible">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-text-overflow">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-4/#propdef-text-overflow">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-overflow-4/#propdef-text-overflow</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-overflow">2. Module Interactions</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-overflow①">7.2.1. 
Single-Line Text Input Controls</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-text-overflow②">Changes from the
22 December 2017 Working Draft</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-page-margin-boxes">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/#page-margin-boxes">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/#page-margin-boxes</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-page-margin-boxes">6.1. Controlling content selection</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-left">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-left">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-left</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-left">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-position">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-position">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position-3/#propdef-position</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-position">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-after">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-after">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-after</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-after①">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-after②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-after③">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-before">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-before">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-before</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-before①">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-before②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-selectordef-before③">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-first-letter">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-letter</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-letter">6.1. Controlling content selection</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-first-line">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-line">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-first-line</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-first-line">6.1. Controlling content selection</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-selectordef-marker">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-selectordef-marker">6.1. Controlling content selection</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-box-sizing">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-3/#propdef-box-sizing</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-box-sizing">2. Module Interactions</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-box-sizing①">Changes from the
22 December 2017 Working Draft</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-valdef-caret-color-auto">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/#valdef-caret-color-auto">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-3/#valdef-caret-color-auto</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-color-auto">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-color-auto①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-length-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#length-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-length-value">3.5. Offsetting the Outline: the outline-offset property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-number-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#number-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-number-value">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-string-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#string-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#string-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-string-value">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-url-value">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#url-value">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#url-value</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-url-value">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-url-value①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-url-value②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-mult-zero-plus">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-zero-plus">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-zero-plus</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-mult-zero-plus">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-comb-comma">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-comma">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-comma</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-comma">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-mult-opt">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#mult-opt</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-mult-opt">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-mult-opt①">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-comb-one">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-one</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one">3.3. Outline Patterns: the outline-style property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one①">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one②">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑦">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑧">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑨">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⓪">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①①">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①②">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①③">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①④">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑤">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑥">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑦">(13)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑧">(14)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one①⑨">(15)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⓪">(16)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②①">(17)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②②">(18)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②③">(19)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②④">(20)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑤">(21)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑥">(22)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑦">(23)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑧">(24)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one②⑨">(25)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⓪">(26)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③①">(27)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③②">(28)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③③">(29)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③④">(30)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑤">(31)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑥">(32)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑦">(33)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑧">(34)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one③⑨">(35)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⓪">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④①">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④③">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④④">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑤">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑥">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑦">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑧">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one④⑨">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⓪">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤①">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤③">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤④">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⑤">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⑥">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⑦">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⑧">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑤⑨">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥⓪">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥①">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥②">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥③">(13)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥④">(14)</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-one⑥⑤">(15)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-comb-any">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#comb-any</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-any">3.1. Outlines Shorthand: the outline property</a> <a href="#ref-for-comb-any①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-comb-any②">5.2.3. Insertion caret shorthand: caret</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-direction">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-direction">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-unicode-bidi">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-unicode-bidi">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-unicode-bidi</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-unicode-bidi">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-under">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#under</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-under">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-writing-mode">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#writing-mode">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-writing-modes-4/#writing-mode</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-writing-mode">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-writing-mode①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-writing-mode②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-writing-mode③">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-bottom">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-bottom">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-bottom</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-bottom">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-bottom①">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-clear">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-clear">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-float">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-float">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-height">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-height">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-height①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-max-height">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-height">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-height</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-max-height">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-max-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-max-width">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-min-height">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-height">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-height</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-min-height">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-min-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-min-width">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-right">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-right">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-right</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-right">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-right①">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-top">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-top">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-top</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-top">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-visibility">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visufx.html#propdef-visibility">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visufx.html#propdef-visibility</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-visibility">5.1.1.1. Cursor of the canvas</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-visibility①">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-width">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-width">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-width①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-propdef-z-index">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-z-index">https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visuren.html#propdef-z-index</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-z-index">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-typedef-image">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#typedef-image</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-image">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-image①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-image②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-image③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-image④">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-concrete-object-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#concrete-object-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#concrete-object-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-concrete-object-size">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-default-object-size">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#default-object-size">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#default-object-size</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-default-object-size">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-default-sizing-algorithm">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#default-sizing-algorithm">https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-3/#default-sizing-algorithm</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-default-sizing-algorithm">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-button-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-button-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-button-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-button-element">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-canvas">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html#canvas">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html#canvas</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-canvas">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-div-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-div-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-div-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-div-element">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-drop-down-box">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#drop-down-box">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#drop-down-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-drop-down-box">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-drop-down-box①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-iframe-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-iframe-element">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-img-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-img-element">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-input-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-input-element">6.1. Controlling content selection</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-input-element①">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-the-input-element②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-the-input-element③">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-list-box">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#list-box">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/rendering.html#list-box</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-list-box">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-meter-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-meter-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-meter-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-meter-element">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-concept-fe-mutable">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#concept-fe-mutable">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#concept-fe-mutable</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-concept-fe-mutable">6.1. Controlling content selection</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-object-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-object-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-object-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-object-element">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-option-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-option-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-option-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-option-element">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-picture-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-picture-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-picture-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-picture-element">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-progress-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-progress-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-progress-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-progress-element">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-select-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-select-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-select-element">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-the-select-element①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-the-select-element②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-select-element③">7.1.1. 
Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a> <a href="#ref-for-the-select-element④">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-select-element⑤">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-the-textarea-element">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-elements.html#the-textarea-element</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-textarea-element">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-the-textarea-element①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-the-textarea-element②">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-attr-input-type">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#attr-input-type">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#attr-input-type</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-attr-input-type">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-attr-input-type①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-video">
   <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/media.html#video">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/media.html#video</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-video">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-checked-pseudo">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#checked-pseudo">https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#checked-pseudo</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-checked-pseudo">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-disabled-pseudo">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#disabled-pseudo">https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#disabled-pseudo</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-disabled-pseudo">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-enabled-pseudo">
   <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#enabled-pseudo">https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#enabled-pseudo</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-enabled-pseudo">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-CursorElement">
   <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/interact.html#CursorElement">https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/interact.html#CursorElement</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-CursorElement">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-elementdef-svg">
   <a href="https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/struct.html#elementdef-svg">https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/struct.html#elementdef-svg</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-elementdef-svg">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="term-for-elementdef-textPath">
   <a href="https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/text.html#elementdef-textPath">https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/text.html#elementdef-textPath</a><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-elementdef-textPath">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-elsewhere"></a></h3>
  <ul class="index">
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-backgrounds-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-typedef-line-style" style="color:initial">&lt;line-style></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-typedef-line-width" style="color:initial">&lt;line-width></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-background-color" style="color:initial">background-color</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-background-image" style="color:initial">background-image</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-border" style="color:initial">border</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-border-radius" style="color:initial">border-radius</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-border-width" style="color:initial">border-width</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-line-style-none" style="color:initial">none</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-box-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-border-edge" style="color:initial">border edge</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-content-edge" style="color:initial">content edge</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-margin" style="color:initial">margin</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-padding-edge" style="color:initial">padding edge</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-cascade-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-bang-important" style="color:initial">!important</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-all" style="color:initial">all</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-computed-value" style="color:initial">computed value</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-legacy-name-alias" style="color:initial">legacy name alias</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-longhand" style="color:initial">sub-property</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-used-value" style="color:initial">used value</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-cascade-origin-ua" style="color:initial">user agent origin</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-color-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valuea-def-color" style="color:initial">&lt;color></span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-COLOR-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-color" style="color:initial">color</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-color-currentcolor" style="color:initial">currentcolor</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-display-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-display" style="color:initial">display</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-inner-display-type" style="color:initial">inner display type</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-overflow-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-overflow" style="color:initial">overflow</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-overflow-visible" style="color:initial">visible</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-OVERFLOW-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-text-overflow" style="color:initial">text-overflow</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-page-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-page-margin-boxes" style="color:initial">page-margin boxes</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-position-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-left" style="color:initial">left</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-position" style="color:initial">position</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-pseudo-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-after" style="color:initial">::after</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-before" style="color:initial">::before</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-first-letter" style="color:initial">::first-letter</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-first-line" style="color:initial">::first-line</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-selectordef-marker" style="color:initial">::marker</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-SIZING-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-box-sizing" style="color:initial">box-sizing</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-UI-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-valdef-caret-color-auto" style="color:initial">auto</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-values-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-length-value" style="color:initial">&lt;length></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-number-value" style="color:initial">&lt;number></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-string-value" style="color:initial">&lt;string></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-url-value" style="color:initial">&lt;url></span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-values-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-mult-zero-plus" style="color:initial">*</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-comb-comma" style="color:initial">,</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-mult-opt" style="color:initial">?</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-comb-one" style="color:initial">|</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-comb-any" style="color:initial">||</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-direction" style="color:initial">direction</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-unicode-bidi" style="color:initial">unicode-bidi</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css-writing-modes-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-under" style="color:initial">under</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-writing-mode" style="color:initial">writing mode</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[CSS21]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-bottom" style="color:initial">bottom</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-clear" style="color:initial">clear</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-float" style="color:initial">float</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-height" style="color:initial">height</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-max-height" style="color:initial">max-height</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-max-width" style="color:initial">max-width</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-min-height" style="color:initial">min-height</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-min-width" style="color:initial">min-width</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-right" style="color:initial">right</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-top" style="color:initial">top</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-visibility" style="color:initial">visibility</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-width" style="color:initial">width</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-propdef-z-index" style="color:initial">z-index</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[css3-images]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-typedef-image" style="color:initial">&lt;image></span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-concrete-object-size" style="color:initial">concrete object size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-default-object-size" style="color:initial">default object size</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-default-sizing-algorithm" style="color:initial">default sizing algorithm</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[HTML]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-button-element" style="color:initial">button</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-canvas" style="color:initial">canvas</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-div-element" style="color:initial">div</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-drop-down-box" style="color:initial">drop-down box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-iframe-element" style="color:initial">iframe</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-img-element" style="color:initial">img</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-input-element" style="color:initial">input</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-list-box" style="color:initial">list box</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-meter-element" style="color:initial">meter</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-concept-fe-mutable" style="color:initial">mutable</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-object-element" style="color:initial">object</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-option-element" style="color:initial">option</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-picture-element" style="color:initial">picture</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-progress-element" style="color:initial">progress</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-select-element" style="color:initial">select</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-the-textarea-element" style="color:initial">textarea</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-attr-input-type" style="color:initial">type</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-video" style="color:initial">video</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[selectors-4]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-checked-pseudo" style="color:initial">:checked</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-disabled-pseudo" style="color:initial">:disabled</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-enabled-pseudo" style="color:initial">:enabled</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[SVG11]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-CursorElement" style="color:initial">cursor</span>
    </ul>
   <li>
    <a data-link-type="biblio">[SVG2]</a> defines the following terms:
    <ul>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-elementdef-svg" style="color:initial">svg</span>
     <li><span class="dfn-paneled" id="term-for-elementdef-textPath" style="color:initial">textpath</span>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="references"><span class="content">References</span><a class="self-link" href="#references"></a></h2>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="normative"><span class="content">Normative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#normative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-css-backgrounds-3">[CSS-BACKGROUNDS-3]
   <dd>Bert Bos; Elika Etemad; Brad Kemper. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-backgrounds-3/">CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3</a>. 17 October 2017. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-backgrounds-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-backgrounds-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-box-3">[CSS-BOX-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-box-3/">CSS Box Model Module Level 3</a>. 18 December 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-box-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-box-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-cascade-4">[CSS-CASCADE-4]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-4/">CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 4</a>. 28 August 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-color-3">[CSS-COLOR-3]
   <dd>Tantek Çelik; Chris Lilley; David Baron. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-3/">CSS Color Module Level 3</a>. 19 June 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-color-4">[CSS-COLOR-4]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Chris Lilley. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/">CSS Color Module Level 4</a>. 5 March 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-display-3">[CSS-DISPLAY-3]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/">CSS Display Module Level 3</a>. 28 August 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-overflow-3">[CSS-OVERFLOW-3]
   <dd>David Baron; Elika Etemad; Florian Rivoal. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/">CSS Overflow Module Level 3</a>. 31 July 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-overflow-4">[CSS-OVERFLOW-4]
   <dd>David Baron; Florian Rivoal. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-4/">CSS Overflow Module Level 4</a>. 13 June 2017. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-page-3">[CSS-PAGE-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Simon Sapin. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-page-3/">CSS Paged Media Module Level 3</a>. 18 October 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-page-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-page-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-position-3">[CSS-POSITION-3]
   <dd>Rossen Atanassov; Arron Eicholz. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-position-3/">CSS Positioned Layout Module Level 3</a>. 17 May 2016. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-position-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-position-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-pseudo-4">[CSS-PSEUDO-4]
   <dd>Daniel Glazman; Elika Etemad; Alan Stearns. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-pseudo-4/">CSS Pseudo-Elements Module Level 4</a>. 25 February 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-pseudo-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-pseudo-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-sizing-3">[CSS-SIZING-3]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/">CSS Intrinsic &amp; Extrinsic Sizing Module Level 3</a>. 22 May 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-sizing-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-transforms-1">[CSS-TRANSFORMS-1]
   <dd>Simon Fraser; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-transforms-1/">CSS Transforms Module Level 1</a>. 14 February 2019. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-transforms-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-transforms-1/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-ui-3">[CSS-UI-3]
   <dd>Tantek Çelik; Florian Rivoal. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-3/">CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)</a>. 21 June 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-ui-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-values-3">[CSS-VALUES-3]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/">CSS Values and Units Module Level 3</a>. 31 January 2019. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-values-4">[CSS-VALUES-4]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/">CSS Values and Units Module Level 4</a>. 31 January 2019. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-writing-modes-3">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-3]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/">CSS Writing Modes Level 3</a>. 24 May 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css-writing-modes-4">[CSS-WRITING-MODES-4]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Koji Ishii. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-4/">CSS Writing Modes Level 4</a>. 24 May 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css21">[CSS21]
   <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/">Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification</a>. 7 June 2011. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/">https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css3-images">[CSS3-IMAGES]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/">CSS Image Values and Replaced Content Module Level 3</a>. 17 April 2012. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-html">[HTML]
   <dd>Anne van Kesteren; et al. <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">HTML Standard</a>. Living Standard. URL: <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/">https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-png">[PNG]
   <dd>Tom Lane. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/">Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification (Second Edition)</a>. 10 November 2003. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/">https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-rfc2119">[RFC2119]
   <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a>. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119</a>
   <dt id="biblio-svg11">[SVG11]
   <dd>Erik Dahlström; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/">Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 (Second Edition)</a>. 16 August 2011. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/">https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-svg2">[SVG2]
   <dd>Amelia Bellamy-Royds; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/">Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2</a>. 4 October 2018. CR. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/">https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-uax29">[UAX29]
   <dd>Mark Davis. <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/tr29-35.html">Unicode Text Segmentation</a>. 15 February 2019. Unicode Standard Annex #29. URL: <a href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/tr29-35.html">https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/tr29-35.html</a>
  </dl>
  <h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="informative"><span class="content">Informative References</span><a class="self-link" href="#informative"></a></h3>
  <dl>
   <dt id="biblio-css1">[CSS1]
   <dd>Håkon Wium Lie; Bert Bos. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS1/">Cascading Style Sheets, level 1</a>. 13 September 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS1/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-css4-images">[CSS4-IMAGES]
   <dd>Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad; Lea Verou. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-images-4/">CSS Image Values and Replaced Content Module Level 4</a>. 13 April 2017. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css-images-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/css-images-4/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-html5">[HTML5]
   <dd>Ian Hickson; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/">HTML5</a>. 27 March 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/">https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-select">[SELECT]
   <dd>Tantek Çelik; et al. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-3/">Selectors Level 3</a>. 6 November 2018. REC. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-3/">https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-3/</a>
   <dt id="biblio-selectors-4">[SELECTORS-4]
   <dd>Elika Etemad; Tab Atkins Jr.. <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-4/">Selectors Level 4</a>. 21 November 2018. WD. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-4/">https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-4/</a>
  </dl>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="property-index"><span class="content">Property Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#property-index"></a></h2>
  <div class="big-element-wrapper">
   <table class="index">
    <thead>
     <tr>
      <th scope="col">Name
      <th scope="col">Value
      <th scope="col">Initial
      <th scope="col">Applies to
      <th scope="col">Inh.
      <th scope="col">%ages
      <th scope="col">Anim­ation type
      <th scope="col">Canonical order
      <th scope="col">Com­puted value
    <tbody>
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-appearance" id="ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑨">appearance</a>
      <td>none | auto | button | textfield | menulist-button | &lt;compat-auto>
      <td>none
      <td>all elements
      <td>no
      <td>n/a
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-caret" id="ref-for-propdef-caret②">caret</a>
      <td>&lt;'caret-color'> || &lt;'caret-shape'>
      <td>auto
      <td>elements that accept input
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>see individual properties
      <td>per grammar
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-caret-color" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-color③">caret-color</a>
      <td>auto | &lt;color>
      <td>auto
      <td>all elements
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value
      <td>per grammar
      <td>The computed value for auto is auto.
For &lt;color> values, see [[!CSS-COLOR-4#resolving-color-values]] in [CSS-COLOR-4].
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-caret-shape" id="ref-for-propdef-caret-shape⑤">caret-shape</a>
      <td>auto | bar | block | underscore
      <td>auto
      <td>elements that accept input
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-cursor" id="ref-for-propdef-cursor⑨">cursor</a>
      <td>[ [&lt;url> [&lt;x> &lt;y>]?,]* 
[ auto | default | none |
context-menu | help | pointer | progress | wait | 
cell | crosshair | text | vertical-text | 
alias | copy | move | no-drop | not-allowed | grab | grabbing | 
e-resize | n-resize | ne-resize | nw-resize | s-resize | se-resize | sw-resize | w-resize |
ew-resize | ns-resize | nesw-resize | nwse-resize |
col-resize | row-resize |
all-scroll |
zoom-in | zoom-out 
] ]
      <td>auto
      <td>all elements
      <td>yes
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>as specified, except with any relative URLs converted to absolute
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-nav-down" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-down①">nav-down</a>
      <td>auto | &lt;id> [ current | root | &lt;target-name> ]?
      <td>auto
      <td>all enabled elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>as specified
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-nav-left" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-left①">nav-left</a>
      <td>auto | &lt;id> [ current | root | &lt;target-name> ]?
      <td>auto
      <td>all enabled elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>as specified
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-nav-right" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-right①">nav-right</a>
      <td>auto | &lt;id> [ current | root | &lt;target-name> ]?
      <td>auto
      <td>all enabled elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>as specified
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-nav-up" id="ref-for-propdef-nav-up①">nav-up</a>
      <td>auto | &lt;id> [ current | root | &lt;target-name> ]?
      <td>auto
      <td>all enabled elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>as specified
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-outline" id="ref-for-propdef-outline③">outline</a>
      <td>[ &lt;'outline-color'> || &lt;'outline-style'> || &lt;'outline-width'> ]
      <td>see individual properties
      <td>all elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>see individual properties
      <td>per grammar
      <td>see individual properties
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-outline-color" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-color⑥">outline-color</a>
      <td>&lt;color> | invert
      <td>invert
      <td>all elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value
      <td>per grammar
      <td>The computed value for invert is invert.
For &lt;color> values, see [[!CSS-COLOR-4#resolving-color-values]] in [CSS-COLOR-4].
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-outline-offset" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-offset②">outline-offset</a>
      <td>&lt;length>
      <td>0
      <td>all elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value
      <td>per grammar
      <td>absolute length
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-outline-style" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-style⑤">outline-style</a>
      <td>auto | &lt;outline-line-style>
      <td>none
      <td>all elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-outline-width" id="ref-for-propdef-outline-width⑤">outline-width</a>
      <td>&lt;line-width>
      <td>medium
      <td>all elements
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>by computed value
      <td>per grammar
      <td>absolute length; 0 if the outline style is none.
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-resize" id="ref-for-propdef-resize⑧">resize</a>
      <td>none | both | horizontal | vertical
      <td>none
      <td>elements with overflow other than visible,
and optionally replaced elements such as images, videos, and iframes
      <td>no
      <td>N/A
      <td>discrete
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
     <tr>
      <th scope="row"><a class="css" data-link-type="property" href="#propdef-user-select" id="ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑨">user-select</a>
      <td>auto | text | none | contain | all
      <td>auto
      <td>all elements, and optionally to the ::before and ::after pseudo elements
      <td>no
      <td>n/a
      <td>not animatable
      <td>per grammar
      <td>specified keyword
   </table>
  </div>
  <h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="issues-index"><span class="content">Issues Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#issues-index"></a></h2>
  <div style="counter-reset:issue">
   <div class="issue"> if we allow user-select to change to a value other than <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none">none</a>,
we need to figure out what this means for copyability, and DOM APIs.<a href="#issue-aa023f10"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Should it also apply to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-pseudo-4/#selectordef-marker">::marker</a>? To <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-page-3/#page-margin-boxes">page-margin boxes</a>?
Should the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-4/#used-value">used value</a> of <span class="css">auto</span> also be <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none">none</a>,
or would <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-text">text</a> be more appropriate?<a href="#issue-bb04ee05"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Should there be constraints
on what happens to the used value
on elements that are editable descendants of editing hosts?
The semantics are not obvious.
Maybe <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-none">none</a> should map to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-user-select-text">text</a>,
or maybe all values should map to <span class="css">text</span>.<a href="#issue-dc6efbde"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> the list above is incomplete, and needs to include
at least the various button-like variants of <code><a data-link-type="element" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>.<a href="#issue-6e23a27b"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> When <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto">auto</a> is widely supported,
		recommend using it instead.<a href="#issue-fa64f3f3"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> If any of these value is not needed for web compat,
		they should be dropped from this list;
		conversely, any value needed for compat not included in this list should be added.<a href="#issue-7a26bf03"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> It is possible that for compat reasons,
		some of these values need to be promoted to being full blown values
		with effects on arbitrary elements like <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-button">button</a>,
		or that
		some of these values need to have some side effects on some <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget">widgets</a>.<a href="#issue-2c9a0ce8"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> The values <code>slider-vertical</code> and <code>sliderthumb-vertical</code> are supported in some user agents to change the orientation of <code class="lang-markup highlight"><c- p>&lt;</c-><c- f>input</c-> <c- e>type</c-><c- o>=</c-><c- s>range</c-><c- p>></c-></code> elements.
	These values are not specified because changing the orientation of this control
	is better done with a separate mechanism.
	See issue <a href="https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/4177">whatwg/html#4177</a>. <a href="#issue-27993a83"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Are there more properties should include in this list?
Should we remove some?
Should whitelist the properties that are ok to ignore instead of
blacklisting those that are not?
Either way, UAs do ignore some properties when rendering <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#widget">widgets</a>,
so this specification needs to say something about this.<a href="#issue-fb44c590"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Maybe some or all of this section
should be moved to the <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-html">[HTML]</a> spec
at some point.<a href="#issue-ed30fc66"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> On some elements, setting some properties inhibits <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-appearance">appearance: auto</a>.
For instance, even if <span class="property">appearance</span> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-appearance-auto">auto</a>,
buttons lose their native appearance when a <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-backgrounds-3/#propdef-border">border</a> is set.
This is not in contradiction with the definition of <span class="css">auto</span>,
since <span class="css">appearance: auto</span> only means
UAs <em>may</em> use a native appearance,
but for greater interoperability,
it would be good to document
which properties on which elements
have this effect.<a href="#issue-a6172891"> ↵ </a></div>
   <div class="issue"> Documenting what UAs need to put in their UA stylesheet would be good.<a href="#issue-b9172b39"> ↵ </a></div>
  </div>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-outline">
   <b><a href="#propdef-outline">#propdef-outline</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline">3.1. Outlines Shorthand: the outline property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline①">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline②">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-outline-width">
   <b><a href="#propdef-outline-width">#propdef-outline-width</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-width">3.1. Outlines Shorthand: the outline property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-width①">3.2. Outline Thickness: the outline-width property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-width②">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-width③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-width④">3.5. Offsetting the Outline: the outline-offset property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-outline-style">
   <b><a href="#propdef-outline-style">#propdef-outline-style</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-style">3.1. Outlines Shorthand: the outline property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-style①">3.3. Outline Patterns: the outline-style property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-style②">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-style③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-style④">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-outline-color">
   <b><a href="#propdef-outline-color">#propdef-outline-color</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-color">3.1. Outlines Shorthand: the outline property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-color①">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-color②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-color③">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-color④">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-color⑤">(5)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="typedef-outline-line-style">
   <b><a href="#typedef-outline-line-style">#typedef-outline-line-style</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-outline-line-style">3.3. Outline Patterns: the outline-style property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-outline-line-style①">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-outline-color-invert">
   <b><a href="#valdef-outline-color-invert">#valdef-outline-color-invert</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert">3.4. Outline Colors: the outline-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-outline-color-invert④">(5)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-outline-offset">
   <b><a href="#propdef-outline-offset">#propdef-outline-offset</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-offset">3.5. Offsetting the Outline: the outline-offset property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-outline-offset①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-resize">
   <b><a href="#propdef-resize">#propdef-resize</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize">4.1. Resizing Boxes: the resize property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-resize⑦">(8)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-cursor">
   <b><a href="#propdef-cursor">#propdef-cursor</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor②">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor③">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor④">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor⑤">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor⑥">Changes from the
22 December 2017 Working Draft</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor⑦">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-cursor⑧">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-auto">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-auto">#valdef-cursor-auto</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-auto">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-auto①">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-default">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-default">#valdef-cursor-default</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-default">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-pointer">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-pointer">#valdef-cursor-pointer</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-pointer">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-pointer①">Changes from the
22 December 2017 Working Draft</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-wait">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-wait">#valdef-cursor-wait</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-wait">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-text">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-text">#valdef-cursor-text</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-text">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-text①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-text②">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-text③">Changes from the
22 December 2017 Working Draft</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-vertical-text">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-vertical-text">#valdef-cursor-vertical-text</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-vertical-text">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-vertical-text①">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-se-resize">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-se-resize">#valdef-cursor-se-resize</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-se-resize">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-zoom-in">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-zoom-in">#valdef-cursor-zoom-in</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-zoom-in">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-cursor-zoom-out">
   <b><a href="#valdef-cursor-zoom-out">#valdef-cursor-zoom-out</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-cursor-zoom-out">5.1.1. Styling the Cursor: the cursor property</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-caret-color">
   <b><a href="#propdef-caret-color">#propdef-caret-color</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-color">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-color①">5.2.3. Insertion caret shorthand: caret</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-color②">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-caret-shape">
   <b><a href="#propdef-caret-shape">#propdef-caret-shape</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-shape">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-shape①">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-shape②">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-shape③">5.2.3. Insertion caret shorthand: caret</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret-shape④">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="character">
   <b><a href="#character">#character</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-character">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="visible-character">
   <b><a href="#visible-character">#visible-character</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-visible-character">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-visible-character⑦">(8)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-caret-shape-bar">
   <b><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-bar">#valdef-caret-shape-bar</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-bar">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-bar①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-caret-shape-block">
   <b><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-block">#valdef-caret-shape-block</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block">5.2.1. Coloring the Insertion Caret: the caret-color property</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block①">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block③">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block④">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-block⑤">(5)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-caret-shape-underscore">
   <b><a href="#valdef-caret-shape-underscore">#valdef-caret-shape-underscore</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-underscore">5.2.2. Shape of the insertion caret: caret-shape</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-underscore①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-caret-shape-underscore②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-caret">
   <b><a href="#propdef-caret">#propdef-caret</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret">5.2.3. Insertion caret shorthand: caret</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-caret①">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-nav-up">
   <b><a href="#propdef-nav-up">#propdef-nav-up</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-nav-up">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-nav-right">
   <b><a href="#propdef-nav-right">#propdef-nav-right</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-nav-right">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-nav-down">
   <b><a href="#propdef-nav-down">#propdef-nav-down</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-nav-down">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-nav-left">
   <b><a href="#propdef-nav-left">#propdef-nav-left</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-nav-left">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="typedef-id">
   <b><a href="#typedef-id">#typedef-id</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-id">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-id①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-id②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="typedef-target-name">
   <b><a href="#typedef-target-name">#typedef-target-name</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-target-name">5.3.1. Directional Focus Navigation: the nav-up, nav-right, nav-down, nav-left properties</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-target-name①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-user-select">
   <b><a href="#propdef-user-select">#propdef-user-select</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select②">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select③">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select④">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select⑤">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select⑥">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select⑦">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select⑧">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select⑨">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①⓪">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①①">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①②">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①③">(13)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①④">(14)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑤">(15)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑥">(16)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑦">(17)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-user-select①⑧">Changes from the
22 December 2017 Working Draft</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="editable-element">
   <b><a href="#editable-element">#editable-element</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-editable-element">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-editable-element①">(2)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-user-select-auto">
   <b><a href="#valdef-user-select-auto">#valdef-user-select-auto</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-auto③">(4)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-user-select-text">
   <b><a href="#valdef-user-select-text">#valdef-user-select-text</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-text">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-text①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-text②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-text③">(4)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-user-select-none">
   <b><a href="#valdef-user-select-none">#valdef-user-select-none</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑦">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑧">(9)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none⑨">(10)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①⓪">(11)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①①">(12)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-none①②">(13)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-user-select-contain">
   <b><a href="#valdef-user-select-contain">#valdef-user-select-contain</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-contain③">(4)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-user-select-all">
   <b><a href="#valdef-user-select-all">#valdef-user-select-all</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-all">6.1. Controlling content selection</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-all①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-all②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-all③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-user-select-all④">(5)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="propdef-appearance">
   <b><a href="#propdef-appearance">#propdef-appearance</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance④">(5)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance⑤">7.1.1. 
Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance⑥">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance⑦">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance⑧">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance⑨">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①⓪">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①①">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①②">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①③">(5)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①④">7.2. 
Control Specific Rules</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑤">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑥">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑦">7.2.1. 
Single-Line Text Input Controls</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-propdef-appearance①⑧">Appendix C. Considerations for Security and Privacy</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="widget">
   <b><a href="#widget">#widget</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-widget">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget⑦">(8)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget⑧">(9)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-widget⑨">7.1.1. 
Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①⓪">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①①">(3)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-widget①②">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①③">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①④">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①⑤">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①⑥">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-widget①⑦">(6)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="native-appearance">
   <b><a href="#native-appearance">#native-appearance</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-native-appearance">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-native-appearance①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-native-appearance②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-native-appearance③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-native-appearance④">(5)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-appearance-none">
   <b><a href="#valdef-appearance-none">#valdef-appearance-none</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-none">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-none①">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-none②">7.1.1. 
Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-none③">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-none④">7.1.2. 
Effects of appearance on Semantic Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-appearance-auto">
   <b><a href="#valdef-appearance-auto">#valdef-appearance-auto</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto③">(4)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto④">(5)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑤">(6)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑥">(7)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑦">(8)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑧">7.2. 
Control Specific Rules</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto⑨">(2)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-auto①⓪">7.2.1. 
Single-Line Text Input Controls</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-appearance-button">
   <b><a href="#valdef-appearance-button">#valdef-appearance-button</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-button">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-button①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-button②">(3)</a> <a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-button③">(4)</a>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-button④">7.1.1. 
Effects of appearance on Decorative Aspects of Elements</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-appearance-textfield">
   <b><a href="#valdef-appearance-textfield">#valdef-appearance-textfield</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-textfield">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="valdef-appearance-menulist-button">
   <b><a href="#valdef-appearance-menulist-button">#valdef-appearance-menulist-button</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-valdef-appearance-menulist-button">7.1. Switching appearance</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
  <aside class="dfn-panel" data-for="typedef-appearance-compat-auto">
   <b><a href="#typedef-appearance-compat-auto">#typedef-appearance-compat-auto</a></b><b>Referenced in:</b>
   <ul>
    <li><a href="#ref-for-typedef-appearance-compat-auto">7.1. Switching appearance</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-appearance-compat-auto①">(2)</a> <a href="#ref-for-typedef-appearance-compat-auto②">(3)</a>
   </ul>
  </aside>
<script>/* script-caniuse-panel */

            window.addEventListener("load", function(){
                var panels = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(".caniuse-status"));
                for(var i = 0; i < panels.length; i++) {
                    var panel = panels[i];
                    var dfn = document.querySelector("#" + panel.getAttribute("data-dfn-id"));
                    var rect = dfn.getBoundingClientRect();
                    panel.style.top = (window.scrollY + rect.top) + "px";
                }
            });
            document.body.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
                if(e.target.classList.contains("caniuse-panel-btn")) {
                    e.target.parentNode.classList.toggle("wrapped");
                }
            });</script>
<script>/* script-dfn-panel */

document.body.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
    var queryAll = function(sel) { return [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(sel)); }
    // Find the dfn element or panel, if any, that was clicked on.
    var el = e.target;
    var target;
    var hitALink = false;
    while(el.parentElement) {
        if(el.tagName == "A") {
            // Clicking on a link in a <dfn> shouldn't summon the panel
            hitALink = true;
        }
        if(el.classList.contains("dfn-paneled")) {
            target = "dfn";
            break;
        }
        if(el.classList.contains("dfn-panel")) {
            target = "dfn-panel";
            break;
        }
        el = el.parentElement;
    }
    if(target != "dfn-panel") {
        // Turn off any currently "on" or "activated" panels.
        queryAll(".dfn-panel.on, .dfn-panel.activated").forEach(function(el){
            el.classList.remove("on");
            el.classList.remove("activated");
        });
    }
    if(target == "dfn" && !hitALink) {
        // open the panel
        var dfnPanel = document.querySelector(".dfn-panel[data-for='" + el.id + "']");
        if(dfnPanel) {
            dfnPanel.classList.add("on");
            var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
            dfnPanel.style.left = window.scrollX + rect.right + 5 + "px";
            dfnPanel.style.top = window.scrollY + rect.top + "px";
            var panelRect = dfnPanel.getBoundingClientRect();
            var panelWidth = panelRect.right - panelRect.left;
            if(panelRect.right > document.body.scrollWidth && (rect.left - (panelWidth + 5)) > 0) {
                // Reposition, because the panel is overflowing
                dfnPanel.style.left = window.scrollX + rect.left - (panelWidth + 5) + "px";
            }
        } else {
            console.log("Couldn't find .dfn-panel[data-for='" + el.id + "']");
        }
    } else if(target == "dfn-panel") {
        // Switch it to "activated" state, which pins it.
        el.classList.add("activated");
        el.style.left = null;
        el.style.top = null;
    }

});
</script>